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Footnotes - Chapter 7: Rights of Women

 

1. Source: Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 1995.

2. Source: Any Progress for the Lives of Women in Burma since Beijing? WLB, February 2005.

3. Source: WLB demand an immediate end to war crimes in Burma, WLB, 26 October 2006.

4. Source: Human Development Report 2005, UNDP, September 2005.

5. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

6. Source:  Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

7. Source: Looking Through Gender Lenses, WLB, September 2006.

8. Source: Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 1995.

9. Source:  Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

10. Source: “Junta-Backed Group Claims Greater Rights For Women in Burma,” Irrawaddy, 4 July 2006.

11. Source: Ibid.

12. Sources: “SWAN Rejects Accusations by State-Backed Women's Group,” Mizzima, 6 July 2006; “SPDC’s new anti-trafficking law: a further tool of oppression,” SWAN Newsletter, SWAN, September 2006; “Behind the Regime’s Anti-Trafficking Façade,” SWAN, September 2004; “Mme Khin Nyunt Cashes in on Thai demand for Young Women,” SHAN, 23 August 2004.

13. Source: “Burmese Female Rights Defender Released,” Irrawaddy, 6 June 2006.

14. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.

15. Source: Dignity in the shadow of oppression, KHRG, November 2006.

16. Source: CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, CSW, September 2006.

17. Source: HRDU, 1999.

18. Source: “Myanmar can never condone human trafficking and will continue to cooperate with neighbours, other humanitarian organizations, in combating the threat” New Light Of Myanmar, 1 December 2006.

19. Source: Looking through the Gender Lens; Position Paper on Gender Equality, WLB, September 2006.

20. Source: Ibid.

21. Source: Ibid.

22. Source: Ibid.

23. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

24. Sources: Women demand an immediate end to war crimes in Burma, WLB, October 2006;“Health Crisis for ‘Internally Displaced Persons’ and Civilians in Mon Territory,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 31 July 2006.

25. Source: “Health Crisis for ‘Internally Displaced Persons’ and Civilians in Mon Territory,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 31 July 2006.

26. Source: State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in KarenState, KWO, February 2007.

27. Source: Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, September 2006.

28. Source: Ibid.

29. Source: Ibid.

30. Source: Poisoned Flowers: The Impact of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma, PWO, 2006.

31. Source: “Doctor’s Avarice Leads to Death of Pregnant Woman in Arakan Hospital,” Kaladan News, 18 August 2006.

32. Source: Overview of Human Rights Situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2007 to January 2007, Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

33. Source: “Burma to tackle sex education in schools,” Irrawaddy, 25 January 2006.

34. Source: “Myanmar 2004 Update” Epidemiological Fact Sheets on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections, UNAIDS, 2004.

35. Source: “Burma To Tackle Sex Education In Schools,” Irrawaddy, 25 January 2006.

36. Source: “AIDS Epidemic Update: Asia,” UNAIDS/WHO, December 2005.

37. Source: Poisoned Flowers: The Impact of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma, PWO, 2006.

38. Source: HIV/AIDS and Drug Use in Burma/Myanmar, Burma Centrum Nederland, May 2006.

39. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

40. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread militarisation and the systematic use of forced labour in the campaign for control of Thaton District, KHRG, January 2006.

41. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

42. Source: Ibid.

43. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

44. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The abuse and agency of Karen women under militarization, KHRG, 22 November  2006

45. Source: Ibid

46. Source: “Hundreds Forced into Road Construction Daily,” Khonumthung, 5 March 2006.

47. Source: “Women Used as Porters by Burma Army in Northern Chin State,” DVB, 26 September 2006.

48. Source: SPDC Using Forced Labour in Nyaunglebin District, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.

49. Source: Ibid.

50. Source: Ibid.

51. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 1/06,” KNU, 6 February 2006.

52. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 2/06,” KNU, 6 February 2006.

53. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 3/06,” KNU, 7 February 2006.

54. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 6/06,” KNU, 21 February 2006.

55. Source: Ibid.

56. Source: Ibid.

57. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 10/06,” KNU, 12 April 2006.

58. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 11/06,” KNU, 12 April 2006.

59. Source: Ibid.

60. Source: Ibid

61. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 8/06,” KNU, 13 March 2006.

62. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 20/06,” KNU, 28 August 2006.

63. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 21/06,” KNU, 28 August 2006.

64. Source: “FBR Report: Villagers Forced to Porter for Burma Army,” FBR, 25 May 2006.

65. Source: “FBR Report: New Attacks by the Burma Army,” FBR, 1 June 2006.

66. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 29/06,” KNU, June 2006.

67. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 37/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

68. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 43/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

69. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 44/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

70. Source: “People Forced to look after Physic Nut Plantations in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly report, SHRF, February 2007.

71. Source: “FBR Report: Lahu Relief Team Activity Report,” FBR, 29 September 2006.

72. Source: “Arrest, Detention, Severe Beating and Torture of Villagers, 2 Die of the Beating, and Forced Labour, in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.

73. Source: SPDC Using Forced Labour in Nyaunglebin District, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.

74. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

75. Source: “Bangkok Conference Targets Human Traffickers,” Irrawaddy, 22 February 2006.

76. Source: Poisoned Flowers: The Impact of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma, PWO, 2006.

77. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

78. Source: “Bangkok Conference Targets Human Traffickers,” Irrawaddy, 22 February 2006.

79. Source: Ibid.

80. Source: “Behind the Regime’s Anti-Trafficking Façade,” SWAN, September 2004.

81. Source: “Myanmar can never condone human trafficking and will continue to cooperate with neighbours, other humanitarian organizations, in combating the threat” New Light Of Myanmar, 1 December 2006.

82. Sources: “SPDC’s new anti-trafficking law: a further tool of oppression,” SWAN Newsletter, SWAN, September 2006; “Behind the Regime’s Anti-Trafficking Façade,” SWAN, September 2004; “Mme Khin Nyunt Cashes in on Thai demand for Young Women,” SHAN, 23 August 2004.

83. Source: “Burma Passes Anti-human Trafficking Law with Questionable Details,” DVB,14 September 2005.

84. Source: “SPDC’s new anti-trafficking law: a further tool of oppression,” SWAN Newsletter, SWAN, September 2006.

85. Source: “Myanmar steps up combating human trafficking,” Xinhua, 17 July 2006.

86. Source: “SPDC’s new anti-trafficking law: a further tool of oppression,” SWAN Newsletter, SWAN, September 2006.

87. Source: Ibid

88. Source: “Mandalay NLD Member and Supporters Sent to Prison,” DVB, 15 January 2006.

89. Source: “Burmese Passports Still Difficult to Acquire,” DVB,29 January 2005.

90. Source:Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2005, Bureau of Human Rights, Democracy and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006.

91. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

92. Source: “SPDC’s new anti-trafficking law: a further tool of oppression,” SWAN Newsletter, SWAN, September 2006.

93. Source: “No Stopping the Girls Leaving Home,” SHAN, 27 October 2005.

94. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

95. Source: “69 Burmese ‘Chinese Wives’ Arrested in Henan Province,” DVB, 21 June 2006.

96. Source: Ibid

97. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

98. Source: Sexual Health and Rights: Sex Workers, Transgender People and Men who have Sex with Men, Thailand, OSI, 2006.

99. Source: Ibid

100. Source: Ibid

101. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

102. Source: Sexual Health and Rights: Sex Workers, Transgender People and Men who have Sex with Men, Thailand, OSI, 2006.

103. Sources: “Burma’s Economy Pushes Under-Age Girls to Sex Trade,” IMNA, 4 October 2006; “Number of Young Prostitutes on The Increase in Rangoon,” DVB, 8 September 2006; “Young Female Prostitutes on the Increase in Burma,” DVB, 26 September 2006; Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

104. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

105. Source: Ibid

106. Source: “Pregnant Women Tortured In Jails”, Kantarawaddy Times, 6 June 2006.

 107. Sources: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006; Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

108. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

109. Source: “Sexual Abuse to Increase with Return of Colonel Myo Winn,” Kaowao News, 30 September 2006.

110. Source: “Junta army looks at gift horses in the mouth – Hawkeye,” SHAN, 4 May 2006.

111. Source: “The Regime’s 2006 Offensive in Central Shan State,” SWAN Newsletter, SWAN, September 2006.

112. Source: “SWAN Rejects Accusations by State-Backed Women's Group,” Mizzima, 6 July 2006.

113. Source: “UN Asked to Respond to Rapes by Military in Burma,” The Nation, 28 November 2006.

114. Sources: “Asean Must Take Action on the Rape of Freedom in Burma,” The Nation, 7 August 2006; Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

115. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

116. Source:Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

117. Source: Poisoned Flowers: The Impact of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma, PWO, 2006.

118. Source: “Two Girls Found Dead in Naf River,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

119. Source: “Chin Woman Forced to Abort her Pregnancy by a Lieutenant Commander,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, September-October 2006.

120. Sources: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps Near Recently Attacked Villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006; Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

121. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

122. Source: “FBR REPORT: Relief Team Finds Bodies of Murdered IDPs,” FBR, 19 April, 2006.

123. Source: “FBR Report: New Attacks by the Burma Army,” FBR, 1 June 2006.

124. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

125. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 5/06,” KNU, 21 February 2006.

126. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 29/06,” KNU, June 2006.

127. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 31/06,” KNU, June 2006.

128. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 2/06,” KNU, 6 February 2006.

129. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 39/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

130. Source: “Pregnant Women Tortured In Jails”, Kantarawaddy Times, 6 June 2006.

131. Source: “Local Villagers Tortured by Infantry Battalion No. 31,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 September 2006.

132. Sources: “Urgent Release: By the Human Rights Foundation of Monland – Burma on Massive Arbitrary Arrest and Torturing in Southern Part of Ye Township”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, November 2006; “Khaw-Zar Villagers Forced to Pay for Release,” IMNA, 18 December 2006.

133. Source: “Another police death in Burma – a Young Mother Dies,” DVB, 3 July 2006.

134. Source: “Burmese Girl Allegedly Almost Tortured to Death by Police,” DVB, 13 June 2006.

135. Source: “FBR Report: Lahu Relief Team Activity Report,” FBR, 29 September 2006.

136. Source: “Arrest, Detention, Severe Beating and Torture of Villagers, 2 Died of the Beating, and Forced Labour, in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.

137. Source: “Military Accused of Raping and Killing Arakan Woman,” Mizzima, 23 June 2006.

138. Source: “Two Arakanese Women Seek Justice,” Narinjara News, 16 July 2006.

139. Source: “Sexual Assault and Impunity in Ta-khi-laek,” SHRF, January 2007.

140. Sources: “Burmese Soldiers Continue To Rape Local Women,” DVB, 24 October 2006; “Arakanese Girl Raped By Burmese Sailors,” Narinjara News, 14 October 2006.

141. Source: “Rohingya Woman Kidnapped and Raped by SPDC Officials, Kaladan News, 21 December 2006.

142. Source: “Burmese Soldiers Raped Mother Of Four Children,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.

143. Source: “Burma: Official Allegedly Rapes Minor; Intimidates Family,” AHRC, 23 June 2006.

144. Source: CSW Visit to KachinState; Briefing, CSW, 4 September 2006.

145. Source: Setting up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

146. Source: “The Burma Army Kills And Rapes Villagers As They Attempt To Completely Dominate The Dooplaya District Of South Central Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR News, 23 February 2007.

147. Source: Ibid.

148. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.

149. Sources: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006; State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in Karen State, KWO, February 2007.

150. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 45/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

151. Source: “FBR Report: Burma Army Burns Villages and Continues to Re-supply Camps in Southern Toungoo District and Northern Nyaunglebin District,” FBR, 23 September 2006;  “FBR Update: Nurse Naw Bey Bey, 22 Years Old, Sentenced to Eight Years in Prison,” FBR, 3 June 2006.

152. Source: State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in KarenState, KWO, February 2007.

153. Source: “High school girl kidnapped by Burmese soldier,” DVB, 17 February 2006.

154. Source: “Kidnapped Burmese schoolgirl allowed to see parents but taken away again,” DVB, 18 February 2006.

155. Source: “Soldier Rapes Underage Girl in Central Burma,” DVB, 22 September 2006.

156. Source: “Burmese Soldiers Continue To Rape Local Women,” DVB, 24 October 2006.

157. Source: “Former secretary of village headman rapes 15 year old, Banyol Kin,” IMNA, 22 August 2006.

158. Source: State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in KarenState, KWO, February 2007.

159. Source: Unsafe State: State Sanctioned Sexual Violence against Chin Women in Burma, Women’s League of Chinland, March 2007.

160. Source: “Gang-Rape in Kae-See,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.

161. Source:  “Junta army looks at gift horses in the mouth – Hawkeye,” SHAN, 4 May 2006.

162. Source: Ibid.

163. Source: “Rape in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

164. Source: "Rape and Forced Labour in Kaeng-Tung," SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.

165. Source: “PWO Condemns Sexual Violence by Burmese Troops against Palaung Women,” Narinjara News, 26 October 2006.

166. Source: Arakan Project, 2006.

167. Source: Ibid.

168. Source: Setting up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

169. Sources: “Burmese Soldiers Continue To Rape Local Women,” DVB, 24 October 2006; “Arakanese Girl Raped By Burmese Sailors,” Narinjara News, 14 October 2006.

170. Sources: “Burma’s Chin Women Issue Report of Rapes by Army,” DVB, 3 July 2006; Hidden Crimes Against Chin Women: The Preliminary Report, WLC, 2007.

171. Source: State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in KarenState, KWO, February 2007.

172. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

173. Source: “Pregnant Women Tortured In Jails”, Kantarawaddy Times, 6 June 2006.

174. Source: “Prison term extended for 52 year old woman,” Khonumthung News, 12 October 2006.

175. Source: “Two month old child and wife of village headman arrested,” Khonumthung News, 15 July 2006.

176. Source: “Army Tortures Two Arakanese Youths for Quarreling with Soldiers,” Narinjara News, 4 August 2006.

177. Source: “NLD members detained at Burma’s Nattalin without evidence,” DVB, 22 September 2006.