1. Source: The Darkness We See: Torture in Burma's Interrogation Center's and Prisons, AAPP, December 2005.
2. Source: “Army Targets Villagers For Not Speaking Burmese,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006.
3. Source: UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1, 1984.
4. Source: “Ex-Political Prisoners in Exile Unite to Expose Myanmar Gulag,” AP, 24 February 2006.
5. Source: Question of the Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in any part of the world - Situation of human rights in Myanmar, Report of the Special Rapporteur, Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, E/CN.4/2006/34, 7 February 2006.
6. Source: The Darkness We See: Torture in Burma's Interrogation Center's and Prisons, AAPP, December 2005.
7. Source: Bloody killings expose myth of “state stability”, AHRC, 11 July 2006.
8. Source: BURMA: The Human Rights Situation in 2006, AHRC, 2006.
9. Source: Myanmar; The Administration of Justice – Grave and Abiding Concerns, AI, 1 April 2004.
10. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.
11. Source: UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Article 1, 1984.
12. Source: “Three Political Prisoner Harshly Beaten again by Criminals in Insein Prison,”Irrawaddy, 11 January 2006; “ Political prisoners reportedly beaten at Insein Prison,” Narinjara News, 12 January 2006.
13. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.
14. Source: UN human rights experts call on Myanmar to end counter-insurgency operations targeting civilians in Northern Karen State and Eastern Pegu Division, UN Press Release; Statement issued by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Paulo Sergio Pinheiro; the Independent Expert on minority issues, Gay McDougall; the Special Rapporteur on torture, Manfred Nowak; the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing, Miloon Kothari; the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Jean Ziegler; and the Special Rapporteur on the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Paul Hunt. 16 May 2006.
15. Source: “Arrest, Detention, Severe Beating and Torture of Villagers, 2 Died of the Beating, and Forced Labour, in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.
16. Source: “Villagers in Southern Mon State Given Electric Shock,” IMNA, 11 December 2006.
17. Source: “Village Under Siege: Elderly, Beaten and Tortured As Rebel Sympathizer,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006.
18. Source: “Burmese Army Tortured Village Headman and 3 Villagers,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.
19. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The abuse and agency of Karen women under militarization, KHRG, 22 November 2006
20. Sources: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The abuse and agency of Karen women under militarization, KHRG, 22 November 2006; Surviving in the Shadow of Oppression: Widespread Militarisation and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, January 2006.
21. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.
22. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The abuse and agency of Karen women under militarization, KHRG, 22 November 2006
23. Source: “Villagers forced to serve as guide and porters, and beaten and tortured, in Nam-Zarng,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, February 2007.
24. Source: Less Than Human: Convict Porters in the 2005-2006 Northern Karen State Offensive, KHRG, 22 August 2006.
25. Source: “Many Police Controlled Prisoners Die from Forced Labour in Burma Army,” DVB, 22 June 2006
26. Source: Less Than Human: Convict Porters in the 2005-2006 Northern Karen State Offensive, KHRG, 22 August 2006
27. Source: Shoot on Sight: the ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.
28. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).
29. Source: ILO Governing Body concludes 295th Session Considers labour situation in Myanmar and Belarus, as well as globalization and migration issues, ILO, 31 March 2006 (ILO/06/10).
31. Source: SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.
33. Source: “FBR Report: Lahu Relief Team Activity Report,” FBR, 29 September 2006.
34. Source: “Burmese Police Tortured A Chin Trader and Extorted Money,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.
35. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.
36. Source: “FBR Report: Lahu Relief Team Activity Report,” FBR, 29 September 2006.
37. Source: “Villagers in Southern Mon State Given Electric Shock,” IMNA, 11 December 2006; “Village Secretary Cruelly Tortured,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006.
38. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
39. Source: Shoot on Sight: the ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.
40. Source: “Burmese Police Tortured A Chin Trader and Extorted Money,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.
41. Source: “Unable to Find Rebels’ Military Tortures Villagers,” The Nation, 28 November 2006.
42. Source: The Darkness We See: Torture in Burma's Interrogation Center's and Prisons, AAPP, December 2005.
44. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.
45. Source: The Darkness We See: Torture in Burma's Interrogation Center's and Prisons, AAPP, December 2005.
46. Source: “Prisoners beaten up and killed in Burma’s Kalemyo Prison,” DVB, 30 January 2006.
47. Source: The Darkness We See: Torture in Burma's Interrogation Center's and Prisons, AAPP, December 2005.
49. Source: “Relief agency wants to go alone,” Irrawaddy, 21 December 2006.
50. Sources: “Rights Group Concerned By Pro-Junta Social Organizations,” Irrawaddy, 8 November 2006; The White Shirts: How the USDA will become the new face of Burma’s Dictatorship, Network for Democracy and Development, May 2006.
51. Source: “Prisoners die from cholera outbreak at Sittwe in West Burma,” DVB, 16 January 2006.
52. Source: “A Political Prisoner Passed Away in Putao Prison,” Irrawaddy, 12 January 2006.
53. Source: The Darkness We See: Torture in Burma's Interrogation Center's and Prisons, AAPP, December 2005.
54. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).
56. Source: “Two Night Sentries Fined By NaSaKa In Arakan State,” Kaladan News, 16 February 2006.
57. Source: “Army arrests and tortures schoolteacher,” Kaladan News, 4 June 2006.
58. Source: “Bangladeshis Beaten by NaSaKa after Forced Labor,” Narinjara News, 3 October 2006.
59. Source: “Madrasa Principal Sentenced to Two years in Jail,” Kaladan News, 2 November 2006.
60. Source: “14 Villagers Arrested for Beating Cow-Stealing Soldier,” Narinjara News, 5 October 2006.
61. Source: “Rohingya Labourer Dies in Nasaka Camp, Arakan,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.
62. Source: “Army Tortures Two Arakanese Youths for Quarreling with Soldiers,” Narinjara News, 4 August 2006.
63. Source: “Suspects Die in Police Interrogation,” Narinjara News, 30 September 2006.
64. Source: “Relative of Chin Rebel Victim of Chronic Abuse, Torture and Extortion,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, January-February 2006.
65. Source: “Burmese Army Tortured Village Headman And 3 Villagers,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.
66. Source: “Burmese Police Tortured A Chin Trader and Extorted Money,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.
67. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.
68. Source: BURMA: The Human Rights Situation in 2006, AHRC, 2006.
69. Source: “SPDC captain tortured and detained Pan-Khar villagers after suspicions of drug dealing,” PYNG Palaung Information Center, 12 November 2006.
70. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 40/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
71. Source: State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in KarenState, KWO, February 2007.
72. Sources: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006; “Total Number of IDPs Now in Karen State Is Over 13,000 People,” FBR, 2 May 2006.
73. Source: SPDC Human Rights Abuses in MoneTownship, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.
75. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.
76. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
77. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 5/06,” KNU, 21 February 2006.
78. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 11/06,” KNU, 12 April 2006.
79. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
80. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
82. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 27/06,” KNU, June 2006.
83. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 29/06,” KNU, June 2006.
84. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 31/06,” KNU, June 2006.
86. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
88. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 42/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
89. Source: “KNU Press Release 02/06,” KNU, 6 February 2006.
90. Source: “Burmese military launches fresh attacks on Karens,” Mizzima, 22 February 2006.
91. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.
92. Source: “Arrested Karenni Villager Found Beheaded,” Mizzima, 6 January 2006
93. Source: “FBR Report: Karenni FBR Relief Team Reports,” FBR, 3 October 2006.
94. Source: Ibid.
95. Source: BURMA: The Human Rights Situation in 2006, AHRC, 2006.
96. Source: “Serial Killers: Another Burmese Youth Died in the Hand of Police,” DVB, 31 March 2006; “Dead men don’t talk: Burma admits death in Police Custody, but blames victim,” DVB, 12 April 2006; Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.
97. Sources: “Burma Students’ Union Calls for Action Over Bashing,” Mizzima, 25 July 2006; “University Student Beaten by Military Official’s Cronies in Myingyan,” ABFSU-FAC, 27 July 2006.
98. Sources: “Village Secretary Cruelly Tortured,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006; “Village Secretary Inhumanely Beaten,” IMNA, 4 April 2006; “Human Rights Abuses as Result of Gas Pipeline Explosion in Mon State,” Kaowao News, 8 February 2006.
99. Source: “Horror Persists in Ye Township,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, March 2006.
100. Source: “Local Villagers Tortured by Infantry Battalion No. 31,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 September 2006.
101. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.
102. Sources: “Soldiers Torture Village Guards, 14-Year Old in Mon State,” IMNA, 13 November 2006; “Serious Human Rights Violation Persist in Southern Ye Township,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, November 2006.
103. Source: “Villagers Suffer between the Military and the Rebels,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, October 2006.
104. Sources: “Soldiers Torture Village Guards, 14-Year Old in Mon State,” IMNA, 13 November 2006; “Serious Human Rights Violation Persist in Southern Ye Township,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, November 2006.
105. Source: “Unable to Find Rebels - Military Tortures Villagers,” The Nation, 28 November 2006.
106. Sources: “Villagers in Southern Mon Given Electric Shock,” IMNA, 11 December 2006; “Urgent Release: By the Human Rights Foundation of Monland – Burma on Massive Arbitrary Arrest and Torturing in Southern Part of Ye Township”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, November 2006; “Khaw-Zar Villagers Forced to Pay for Release,” IMNA, 18 December 2006.
107. Sources: “Burma junta’s accusations groundless as ever – opposition groups,” DVB, 21 February 2006; “Myanmar Arrests Student Group Member over 2005 Bombings,” AFP, 21 February 2006; “Regime accused of detaining, torturing activist’s family and friends”, Irrawaddy, 2 November 2006.
108. Source: “Burmese Soldiers Beat up Civilians for Crossing Railway Tracks,” DVB, 2 March 2006.
109. Source: “Lawless Burma: Police beat up and detain innocent civilians at Daik-U,” DVB, 29 March 2006.
110. Source: BURMA: The Human Rights Situation in Burma, AHRC, 2006,
112. Source: “Slavery: Burmese Student Forced to Guard Railway Tracks and Beaten Up,” DVB, 10 August 2006.
113. Source: “Extortion and Police Brutality in Central Burma,” DVB, 21 September 2006.
114. Source: “Criminals Attack Three Political Prisoners In Insein Prison,” Narinjara News, 12 January 2006.
115. Source: “Prisoners being bullied at Rangoon Insein Jail,” DVB, 4 March 2006.
116. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.
117. Source: “Burmese Girl Allegedly Almost Tortured to Death by Police,” DVB, 13 June 2006.
118. Source: “Another Detainee Severely Tortured by Burmese Police,” DVB, 14 August 2006.
119. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.
120. Sources: “NLD youth leader Nyunt Aung’s sentence extended and transferred,” DVB, 20 February 2006; “Prisoners Beaten Up and Killed in Burma’s Kalemyo Prison,” DVB, 28 January 2006.
121. Source: “FBR Report: Lahu Relief Team Activity Report,” FBR, 29 September 2006.
122. Source: “A Villager Shot at, Breaking His Leg, In Murng-Kerng,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.
123. Source: “Arrest, Detention, Severe Beating, Torture and Disappearance of Villagers, in Murng-Nai,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.
127. Source: “Villagers forced to serve as guide and porters, and beaten and tortured, in Nam-Zarng,” SHRF Monthly Report, February 2007.
128. Source: “Villager severely beaten, forced to walk around in a village with a bell tied to his neck, in Kae-See,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, January 2007.
129. Source: “Arrest, Detention, Beating and Disappearance in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.
130. Source: “Arrest, Detention, Severe Beating and Torture of Villagers, 2 Died of the Beating, and Forced Labour, in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.
133. Source: “Arrest, Torture, Killing and Disappearance, in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, January 2007.
134. Source: “Arrest, Detention and Severe Beating in Larng-Khur,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006
136. Source: “Muse Police Beat Up Students during Thingyan,” Mizzima, 20 April 2006.
137. Source: “Shan Farmers Bashed by Top Muse Official,” Mizzima, 20 July 2006.
138. Source: “Army Targets Villagers For Not Speaking Burmese,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006.
139. Sources: “Violations against Suspected Mon Rebel Sympathizers Continues in the Conflict Areas,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006; “Village Under Siege: Elderly Suspected To Be Rebel Sympathizers Beaten and Tortured,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006; “Village Under Siege: Elderly, Beaten and Tortured As Rebel Sympathizers,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006.
140. Sources: “Myanmar: Possible “disappearance”/Fear of torture/Arbitrary detention,” AI, 20 January 2006; “Myanmar: Further Information on Possible “Disappearance”/Fear or torture/Arbitrary Detention,” AI, 18 May 2006; “Death sentences for two Burmese students kidnapped in India,” DVB, 14 May 2006
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