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Footnotes - Chapter 10: Freedom of Belief and Religion


1. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

2. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

3. Source: Ibid.

4. Sources: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006; International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006

5. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

6. Source: Ibid.

7. Source: Ibid.

8. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006; “The Green Monks,” Irrawaddy, February 2006.

9. Source: “The Green Monks,” Irrawaddy, February 2006.

10. Sources: Burma: A Land where Buddhist Monks are Disrobed and Detained in Dungeons, AAPP,November 2004; AAPP, 2006.

11. Source: “The State also recognize Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Animism as some Religions existing in the Union on the date of coming into force of the State Constitution,” New Light if Myanmar, 11 January 2006.

12. Source: Northern Arakan/RakhineState: a Chronic Emergency, Arakan Project, 2006.

13. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

14. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

15. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

16. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

17. Source: Briefing, CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, 25 August – 1 September 2006, CSW, 2006.

18. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

19. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

20. Source: Ibid.

21. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

22. Source: Ibid.

23. Source: “Three pagodas to be built in southern Chin state,” Khonumthung News, 23 May 2006.

24. Source: Ibid.

25. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

26. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

27. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

28. Source: “Forced to Recite Prayers 15 Students Leave Hostel,” Khonumthung News, 19 September 2006.

29. Source: Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

30. Source: Briefing, CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, 25 August – 1 September 2006, CSW 2006.

31. Source: Ibid.

32. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

33. Source: Briefing, CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, 25 August – 1 September 2006, CSW, 2006.

34. Source: “Recent Attacks on Villages in Southeastern Toungoo District Send Thousands Fleeing into the Forests and to Thailand,” KHRG, 16 March 2006.

35. Sources: “FBR Report: Karen State Update,” FBR, 6 October 2006; Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006.

36. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

37. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.

38. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006.

39. Source: Ibid.

40. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

41. Source: “Burmese Soldiers Stopped Worship Service, and Took Them for Potter,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, March-April 2006.

42. Source: “Christians Barred from Worshipping in Rangoon,” DVB, 6 February 2006.

43. Source: “Christian Churches Urge Burma Junta to Stop Religious Persecutions,” DVB, 20 February 2006.

44. Source: “Christian Arrested and Detained for Writing to Burma Junta Chief,” DVB, 13 March 2006.

45. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

46. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

47. Source: Briefing, CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, 25 August – 1 September 2006, CSW, 2006..

48. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

49. Source: “SPDC Authorities Collect Money from Local Residence for Buddhist Water Festival,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

50. Source: “Christians Evangelists Detained by Wa,” SHAN, 11 May 2006; “Missionaries released by Wa,” SHAN, 30 May 2006.

51. Source: “Pagoda Being Built With Funds from Christian Community,” Khonumthung News, 12 May 2006.

52. Source: “Three pagodas to be built in southern Chin state,” Khonumthung News, 23 May 2006.

53. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006

54. Source: "Land confiscated for Buddhist monastery," Khonumthung News, 25 July 2006.

55. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006

56. Source: Briefing, CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, 25 August – 1 September 2006, CSW, 2006.

57. Source: “Regime Ban on Rangoon Church Workshop,” Irrawaddy, 21 August 2006. 

58. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006.

59. Source: “Mosque to be constructed in Tedim,” Khonumthung News, 17 August 2006.

60. Source: “Forced to Recite Prayers 15 Students Leave Hostel,” Khonumthung News, 19 September 2006.

61. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006.

62. Sources: “FBR Report: Karen State Update,” FBR, 6 October 2006; Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006.

63. Source: “Government Employees Forced to Pay for Tazaungdaing Festival in Chin State,” Khonumthung News, 6 November 2006.

64. Source: “Myanmar's Muslim Sideshow,” Asian Times, 20 October 2003.

65. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

66. Source: Ibid.

67. Source: Ibid.

68. Source: Ibid.

69. Source: Ibid.

70. Source: Ibid.

71. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.

72. Source: Ibid

73. Source: “The Outsiders,” Irrawaddy, January 2006.

74. Sources:  “Unconfirmed report of anti-Muslim riot in Burma’s Magwe,” DVB, 16 February 2006; “Monk Appeals for Calm and Understanding after Anti-Muslim Riots in Burma,” DVB, 21 February 2006; “Security Tightened After Anti-Muslim Riots In Magwe,” Mizzima, 20 February 2006; Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

75. Source: “The Outsiders,” Irrawaddy, January 2006.

76. Source: Northern Arakan/RakhineState: a Chronic Emergency, Arakan Project, 2006.

77. Source: “Stateless in Arakan,” Irrawaddy, January 2006.

78. Source: “The State shall, by law, protect the privacy and security of the home, property, correspondence and other communications of citizens subject to the provisions of this Constitution,” New Light of Myanmar, 11 January 2006.

79. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

80. Source: Ibid

81. Source: Ibid

82. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

83. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006; “SPDC Authorities Deceive Rohingya Students,” Kaladan News, 18 January 2006; “Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006,” The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

84. Source:Northern Arakan/RakhineState: a Chronic Emergency, Arakan Project, 2006.

85. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

86. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

87. Source: Ibid.

88. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

89. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

90. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

91. Source: Ibid

92. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

93. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

94. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

95. Source: “Nasaka Destroys Religious Precincts in Arakan State,” Kaladan News, 26 August 2006.

96. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

97. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

98. Source: Arakan Project, 2007.

99. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006); Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

100. Source: Burma Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

101. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

102. Source: “SPDC Authorities Arrest Rohingyas in Sittwe,” Kaladan News, 2 January 2006.

103. Source: “Nasaka Collects Bribe From Newly-Weds,” Kaladan News, 27 January 2006.

104. Source: “Burmese Troops Turn Rustlers in Northern Arakan,” Kaladan News, 10 January 2006.

105. Source: “SPDC Authorities Deceive Rohingya Students,” Kaladan News, 18 January 2006.

106. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

107. Source: “Rohingya Villagers Arrested And Charged With Damaging A Buddhist Pagoda,” Kaladan News, 24 January 2006

108. Source: “Two Night Sentries Fined By NaSaKa In Arakan State,” Kaladan News, 16 February 2006.

109. Source: “Police Officers Extort Money From Rohingyas,” Kaladan News, 21 February 2006.

110. Sources:  “Unconfirmed report of anti-Muslim riot in Burma’s Magwe,” DVB, 16 February 2006;  “Monk Appeals for Calm and Understanding after Anti-Muslim Riots in Burma,” DVB, 21 February 2006; “Security Tightened After Anti-Muslim Riots In Magwe,” Mizzima, 20 February 2006; Burma Country Repors on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

111. Source: “Rohingyas Arrested For Buying Goods From Natala Villagers,” Kaladan News, 28 February 2006.

112. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

113. Source: “Army Harasses Rohingyas On Maungdaw-Buthidaung Road,” Kaladan News, 20 April 2006.

114. Source: “Controversy Surrounds New Mosque in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 27 May 2006.

115. Source: “Police Arrest Brother of Muslim Leader,” Narinjara News, 6 June 2006.

116. Source: “Over 30 Burmese Muslims Arrested for Travel without Permits,” Narinjara News, 24 May 2006.

117. Source:Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

118. Source: “New Commander in Arakan Orders Listing of Mosques and Madrasas,” Kaladan News, 1 June 2006

119. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

120. Source: “Nasaka Raids Muslim Villages in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 27 June 2006.

121. Source: “Another Raid on Muslim Village in Maungdaw,” Narinjara News, 29 June 2006.

122. Source: “Three years in jail for Couple in Love,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

123. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

124. Source: “Nasaka forces detainees into construction work,” Kaladan News, 10 July 2006.

125. Source: “70 Arrested in Maungdaw Raid,” Narinjara News, 21 July 2006.

126. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

127. Source: “Twenty two Rohingyas Detained in Maungdaw Jail,” Kaladan News, 19 August 2006.

128. Source: “Wedding Ceremony Raided by Police,” Kaladan News, 31 August 2006.

129. Source: “Fifteen Rhohngyas Held in Arakan,” Kaladan News, 29 August 2006.

130. Source: “Nasaka Destroys Religious Precincts in Arakan State,” Kaladan News, 26 August 2006.

131. Source: “Villager Sentenced to Jail for Not Having Village out Pass,” Kaladan News, 23 September 2006.

132. Source: “Nasaka Extorts Huge Amounts for Marriage Permits,” Kaladan News, 28 September 2006.

133. Source: Ibid.

134. Source: “Nasaka Officer to Relocate Mosque and Madrasa,” Kaladan News, 29 September 2006

135. Source: “Madrasa Principal Sentenced to Two years in Jail,” Kaladan News, 2 November 2006.

136. Source: “Mother jailed for Daughter’s Marriage,” Kaladan News, 4 November 2006.

137. Source: “Nasaka Raids Three Muslim Villages on Border,” Narinjara News, 14 November 2006.

138. Source: “Couple Arrested by Nasaka,” Kaladan News, 19 December 2006.

139. Source: “Muslim Students Forced to Pay for Free ID Cards,” DVB, 15 December 2006.

140. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006.

141. Source: Ibid.

142. Source: Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006; “The Green Monks,” Irrawaddy, February 2006.

143. Source: Carrying the Cross: The Military Regime’s Campaign of Restriction, Discrimination and Persecution against Christians in Burma, CSW, 2006.

144. Source: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006

145. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

146. Sources: International Religious Freedom Report 2006: Burma, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 15 September 2006; Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

147. Source: “Detained Buddhist Monk Hospitalised in Taungoo Jail,” DVB, 14 September 2006.

148. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

149. Source: “The Green Monks,” Irrawaddy, February 2006.

150. Source: “Monk Pressured and Intimidated for Helping AIDS Patients in Burma,” DVB, 26 August 2006.

151. Source: “Burmese Buddhist Monk Expelled from Monastery for Helping AIDS Victims,” DVB, 28 August 2006.

152. Source: Ibid.

153. Source: “Monk Still Monitored and Harassed For Helping HIV/AIDS Sufferers,” DVB, 13 September 2006.

154. Source: AAPP, 2007.

155. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

156. Source: “Monks are Porters on the Karenni Front, Kantarawaddy Times, 20 February 2006.

157. Source: “Movement of Monks Restricted at Night in Pegu,” IMNA, 7 April 2006.

158. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

159. Source: “Two Abbots and 54 Young Monks Driven to Destitution after Junta seals Monastery,” Narinjara News, 16 May 2006.

160. Source: “Arrest, Robbery and Disappearance in Murng-Pan,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.

161. Source: AAPP, 2007.

162. Source: “Loss of Buddha Statues Sparks off Dispute in Burma ,” DVB, 13 July 2006.

163. Source: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom- 2007, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May 2007.

164. Source: "Burmese Authorities Persuade Monks Not to Accept Donations from Political Activists," DVB, 1 August 2006.

165. Sources: “A Tarnished Red Ribbon,” Irrawaddy, 17 August 2006; Burma Country Repors on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

166. Source: “Buddhist Monk Says Burma Junta Should Not Interfere with Religion,” DVB, 21 August 2006.

167. Source: “Army Officer Prohibits Traditional Funeral in Temple,” IMNA, 2 September 2006.

168. Source: “Burmese Authorities Limit Religious Vigils,” DVB, 7 September 2006.

169. Source: “Detained Buddhist Monk Hospitalised in Taungoo Jail,” DVB, 14 September 2006.

170. Source: “Young Arakanese Monks from Rangoon form Union in Akyab,” Narinjara News, 26 October 2006.

171. Source: “8888 Commemoration Held in Sittwe,” Mizzima, 9 August 2006.

172. Source: "Weekly Prayer Meeting for Political Prisoners Barred in Rangoon," DVB, 9 August 2006.

173. Source: “Over 2,000 Attend Prayer Ceremony for Release of Political Prisoners,” Mizzima, 31 October 2006.

174. Source: “Prayer Campaign Participants Harassed By Burma Junta Agents,” DVB, 1 November 2006.

175. Source: “Activists detained at Shwedagon Pagoda,” Irrawaddy, 7 November 2006.

176. Source: “Filming Of ‘Heritage of Mon Culture’ In Historic Places Banned,” IMNA, 30 November 2006.