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Forced Labour and Forced Conscription | Extra-judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions | Arbitrary Detention and Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances | Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment | Deprivation of Livelihood | Rights of the Child | Rights of Women | Ethnic Minority Rights | Rights to Education and Health | Freedom of Belief and Religion | Freedom of Opinion, Expression and the Press | Freedom of Assembly, Association and Movement | Internal Displacement and Forced Relocation | The Situation of Refugees | The Situation of Migrant Workers | Landmines
 
Footnotes - Chapter 5: Deprivation of Livelihood


1. Source: World Fact Book 2006, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 19 December 2006.

2. Sources: “Haiti, Myanmar and Iraq Most Corrupt”, AFP, 6 November 2006; “Burma Stands Second, Bangladesh Third on Corruption List”, Narinjara News, 7 November 2006.

3. Sources: “Conditions in Burma and U.S. Policy Toward Burma for the Period September 28, 2005 - March 27, 2006”, U.S. Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs , 17 April 2006; “Burma Only Country Left on Money-Laundering Blacklist”, Irrawaddy, 26 June 2006.

4. Source: “Burma Ranked Third Least Free Economy”, Mizzima News, 4 January 2006.

5. Source: “Burma, Seven Others in Asia-Pacific Score Poorly,” Narinjara News, 19 October 2006.

6. Source: “Myanmar's inflation quadruples, while GDP hits 13.2 percent growth”, DVB, 29 December 2006.

7. Source: “Burma’s Economic Prospects; Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs”, Burma Economic Watch, 29 March 2006.

8. Source: World Fact Book 2006, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 19 December 2006.

9. Source: “Burma’s Economic Prospects; Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs”, Burma Economic Watch, 29 March 2006.

10. Source: “Fatter Pay Packets Further Boost Inflation in Burma,” Irrawaddy, 28 April 2006.

11. Source: “Myanmar Civil Servants to Receive 10-fold Raise – Official,” AFP, 27 March 2006.

12. Source: “Paper Money: Burma Junta Confirms Salary Hike for Civil Servants,” DVB, 26 March 2006.

13. Source: “Burmese Kyat Hits All-Time Low,” Irrawaddy, 29 March 2006.

14. Source: “Economists Warn Military’s Wage Increase Could Wreck Burma’s Economy”, Mizzima News, 27 March 2006.

15. Source: “Burmese Civil Servants Forced to Save 10% of Their Salary”, DVB, 5 June 2006.

16. Source: “Paper Money: Burmese Civil Servants Still Facing Hardship Despite Salary Hike”, DVB, 16 July 2006.

17. Sources: “SPDC’s Attempts to Control Commodities’ Prices”, IMNA, 4 April 2006; “Myanmar Takes Measures in Stabilizing Commodity Prices”, Xinhua, 6 April 2006.

18. Source: “Burmese Rice Merchants Told to Sell Their Goods at Half Price”, DVB, 12 August 2006.

19. Sources: “Myanmar Takes Measures in Stabilizing Commodity Prices”, Xinhua, 6 April 2006; “Myanmar takes measures to bring down commodity prices”, Xinhua, 30 Aug 2006.

20. Sources: “Burmese Kyat Hits All-Time Low”, Irrawaddy, 29 March 2006; “Burma Hit By High Inflation Rates”, Mizzima News, 28 March 2006.

21. Source: “Increasing Fuel Prices Hampers Transportation in Border Area”, Narinjara News, 24 August 2006.

22. Sources: “Fatter Pay Packets Further Boost Inflation in Burma”, Irrawaddy, 28 April 2006; “Inflation Fears Spread In Burma As Gold, Exchange Rates Fluctuate”, Irrawaddy, 27 March 2006.

23. Source: “Fatter Pay Packets Further Boost Inflation in Burma”, Irrawaddy, 28 April 2006.

24. Sources: “Economists Warn Military’s Wage Increase Could Wreck Burma’s Economy” Mizzima News, 27 March 2006; “Fatter Pay Packets Further Boost Inflation in Burma”, Irrawaddy, 28 April 2006.

25. Source: HRDU interview, 17 December 2006.

26. Source: “President Renews Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003”, Office of the U.S. Press Secretary, 1 August 2006.

27. Source: “EU Council Common Position 2006/318/CFSP”, Official Journal of the European Union, 29 April 2006.

28. Source: “Sanctions Are The Most Effective Weapon against Burma’s Military Regime”, Time Asia, 23 January 2006.

29. Source: “Myanmar’s Neighbors Eye Energy Resources, Despite Political Woes”, AFP, 17 January 2006.

30. Source: “Myanmar PM Secures Economic Deals with Ally China”, AFP, 14 February 2006.

31. Sources: “Going Nowhere”, Time Asia, 23 January 2006; “South Korean Investment In Burma Sparks International Protests”, Irrawaddy, 18 April 2006.

32. Source: “Burma-Chinese Asset or Liability?”, The Nation, 6 February 2006.

33. Sources: “Time For A UN Security Council Resolution On Burma”, Heritage Foundation, 3 February 2006; “Burma-Chinese Asset or Liability?”, The Nation, 6 February 2006.

34. Source: “Ivanhoe, Unable to Access Funds, Shuts Copper Mine”, Bloomberg, 5 April 2006.

35. Source: “Sanctions Affect Ivanhoe’s Myanmar Operation”, Globe and Mail, 6 April 2006.

36. Source: “Myanmar Lashes Out At US and EU Over Sanctions”, AFP, 13 February 2006.

37. Source: “Myanmar To Reopen Diplomatic Ties With North Korea”, AFP, 10 April 2006.

38. Source: “Junta Aims to Bypass Trade Sanctions”, Irrawaddy, 14 November 2006.

39. Source: “Burma's New Fuel Restriction Disrupts Commodity Distribution”, DVB, 22 August 2006.

40. Source: “Increasing Fuel Prices Hampers Transportation in Border Area”, Narinjara News, 24 August 2006.

41. Source: “Fuel Restriction Hits Inland Water Transport in Arakan”, Narinjara News, 30 January 2006.

42. Source: “Junta Cuts Diesel for Trucks and Reduces Water Transport”, Irrawaddy, 25 August 2006.

43. Source: “Burma Junta Agents Seize ‘Unlicensed’ Vehicles in Kachin State”, DVB, 9 January 2006.

44. Sources: “Seizure of Unlicensed Vehicles Stepped Up”, IMNA, 14 July 2006; “Burma Army Eyes Motorcycles for New Capital”, Kaowao News, 30 October 2006.

45. Source: “Unlicensed Vehicle Owners Face Harsh Punishment”, Irrawaddy, 16 February 2006.

46. Source: “Daylight Robbery: Unlicensed Motorcycles Seized Again in Burma”, DVB, 4 May 2006.

47. Source: “Seizure of Unlicensed Vehicles Stepped Up”, IMNA, 14 July 2006.

48. Source: “Vehicle and Motorcycle Tax Raised”, Narinjara News, 25 May 2006.

49. Source: “Power Cuts Affect Economy In Rangoon”, Irrawaddy, 2 January 2006; “Electricity Consumption on the Rise: Burmese Junta”, Narinjara News, 22 January 2006.

50. Source: “Pyinmana Gets 24-hour Power at the Expense of Other Cities”, Mizzima News, 12 April 2006.

51. Source: “Myanmar Hikes Electricity Rates 10-Fold”, AFP, 23 May 2006.

52. Source: “Burma's Monastic Schools Appeal for Electricity Rate Reduction”, DVB, 12 June 2006.

53. Source: “Power Ministry Increases Tariff Ten Fold”, IMNA, 28 August 2006.

54. Source: “Electricity Consumption on the Rise: Burmese Junta”, Narinjara News, 22 January 2006.

55. Source: “Inflation: Electricity Cost Goes Up in Burma”, DVB, 22 May 2006.

56. Source: “Junta bans paddy trading in southern Burma”, IMNA, 21 Sep 2006.

57. Source: “Crackdown on ‘Illicit’ Rice in Arakan”, Narinjara News, 10 August 2006.

58. Source: One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.

59. Source: “Cyclone Mala Killed Four and Injured Several in Burma”, Irrawaddy, 1 May 2006.

60. Source: “Cyclone Mala Death Toll in Myanmar Rises to 21”, AFP, 4 May 2006.

61. Source: “Cyclone Mala Kills One Destroys Fifty Percent Buildings in Gwa, Arakan”, Narinjara News, 2 May 2006.

62. Source: “Authorities Ask for Kyat 50,000 from Battalions for Cyclone Relief”, Narinjara News, 4 May 2006.

63. Sources: “Torrential Rains Flood Ye Township”, Kaowao News, 17 July 2006; “Flooding Besets Mon State”, Kaowao News, 15 August 2006; “Floods destroy 20 houses in southern Burma”, IMNA, 16 August 2006.

64. Source: The Ongoing Oppression of Thaton District: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Food Insecurity, KHRG, 7 July 2006.

65. Source: “Out of Season Rains and Frosts Destroy Cold Season Crops in Burma”, DVB, 16 January 2006.

66. Source: “60 Percent of Hill Cultivations Damaged by Rains”, Narinjara News, 26 September 2006.

67. Source: “Flooding Damages Many Lands and Plantation Sites in Karenni State”, Kantarawaddy Times, 7 October 2006.

68. Source: From the SLRD website at http://www.slrd-moai.gov.mm/agri-land.htm.  Accessed on 26 January 2007.

69. Source: The Impact of the confiscation of Land, Labor, Capital Assets and forced relocation in Burma by the military regime, Dr Nancy Hudson-Rodd, Dr Myo Nyunt, Saw Thamain Tun, and Sein Htay, May 2003.

70. Source: “Bangladeshi Delegation to Visit Burma to Take Farms on Lease”, Kaladan News, 26 March 2006.

71. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

72. Source: “Bangladeshi Delegation to Visit Burma to Take Farms on Lease”, Kaladan News, 26 March 2006.

73. Source: HRDU; from numerous conversations with local activists on the Thai-Burma border.

74. Source: “Myanmar to lease land to foreigners for developing industrial zones,” Xinhua, 7 August 2006.

75. Source: “Pegu Farmers Forced to Sell Produce below Market Price”, Irrawaddy, 24 August 2006.

76. Source: “Forcible Army Purchase of Rice Continues”, Narinjara News, 23 February 2006.

77. Source: “Below market purchase of rice by junta puts Arakan farmers out of pocket”, Narinjara News, 8 January 2006.

78. Source: “Burma Army to purchase rice from Arakanese farmers over next two years”, Narinjara News, 14 January 2006.

79. Source: “Farmers Left with Nothing after Selling Paddy to Army,” IMNA, 20 March 2006.

80. Source: “Military Regime Buys Paddy from Farmers at Low Prices”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, March 2006.

81. Source: “Regime Forcibly Buys Paddy at Low Price for Army,” IMNA, 20 December 2006.

82. Source: “Local Authorities Demand Rice and Money from Burmese Farmers”, DVB, 2 July 2006.

83. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

84. Source: “Junta Blamed For Decreasing Shan Rice Production”, Irrawaddy, 17 January 2006.

85. Source: Hunger Wielded as a Weapon in Thaton District, KHRG, 20 September 2006.

86. Source: “Burmese Farmers Forced to Grow Summer Paddy”, DVB, 2 January 2006.

87. Source: Deserted Fields: The Destruction of Agriculture in Mong Nai Township, Shan State, SRDC, 17 January 2006.

88. Source: “Farmers Forced to Harvest Rice Crops which Are Not Ready”, DVB, 23 August 2006.

89. Source: “Farmers Forced to Cultivate Summer Paddy”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 28 February 2006.

90. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

91. Source: “Castor beans to be grown for biofuel”, Myanmar Times, 9-15 January 2006.

92. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

93. Source: “Physic nut goals expanded”, Myanmar Times, 21-26 August 2006.

94. Source: Biodiesel is also commonly referred to as biofuel, but for the sake of consistency, only the term biodiesel is used here.

95. Source: Annuals and Biennials, Phillips, Roger & Rix, Martyn, 1999.

96. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

97. Source: “A Nutty Idea,” Irrawaddy, September 2006.

98. Source: “Forced Plantation of Physic Nut and Extortion in Kaeng-Tung”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, September 2006.

99. Sources: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006; “Forced Physic Nut Plantations in Kun-Hing”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, September 2006.

100. Sources: “Forced Cultivation of Castor-Oil Plants in Mon State”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 31 July 2006; “Villagers Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Kun-Hing”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

101. Source: “SPDC Authorities Fine People Who Fail to Plant Castor Oil”, Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

102. Source: “Prosecutions for Those Who Criticise Burma Junta’s Physic Nut Project”, DVB, 5 July 2006.

103. Source: “Death Sentence to People Opposing Jathropa Plantation”, Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

104. Source: “People Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Lai-Kha”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

105. Source: “TPDC from Loikaw Township Forcibly the Residents to Grow the Oranges”, Kantarawaddy Times, 17 October 2006.

106. Source: The Center for Jatropha Promotion and Biodiesel website at www.jatrophaworld.org/.  Accessed on 9 February 2007.

107. Source: The BBC Weather Service website at www.bbc.co.uk/weather/.  Accessed on 9 February 2007.

108. Source: The Climatological Information Unit of Hong Kong Observatory at www.hko.gov.hk/.  Accessed on 9 February 2007.

109. Source: “TPDC Orders Replanting Castor Seeds”, IMNA, 17 October 2006.

110. Source: “Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants Forcibly Grown in Loi-Lem”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

111. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

112. Source: “FAO: OPEC gives multi-million dollar loan boost to Myanmar’s edible oil sector”, UN News Centre, 9 November 2006.  Accessed online at www.un.org/apps/News/ on 15 February 2007.

113. Source: Development by Decree: The politics of poverty and control in Karen State, KHRG, 24 April 2007.

114. Source: “OPEC Fund to support development of Myanmar's edible oil sector”, FAO Newsroom, 9 November 2006.  Accessed online at www.fao.org/newsroom/ on 15 February 2007.

115. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

116. Sources: “SPDC Plans to Grow Physic Nut Plants in Arakan”, Kaladan News, 14 March 2006; "Chairman of Magway Division inspects regional development work", New Light of Myanmar,13 September 2001.

117. Source: “The Neighbors Power Ahead” Irrawaddy, September 2006.

118. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

119. Source: “A Nutty Idea,” Irrawaddy, September 2006.

120. Source: “Forcible Cultivation of Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Shan State”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

121. Source: “Nasaka Confiscates Farms for Physic Nut Cultivation”, Kaladan News, 19 April 2006.

122. Source: “Arakanese villagers forced to attend the Castor Oil Plantation Training”, Narinjara News, 18 June 2006.

123. Source: “Villagers Forced to Cultivate Castor Oil Plants”, Narinjara News, 2 July 2006.

124. Source: “Fund Collection for Government Agriculture Plan Still Active”, Narinjara News, 14 October 2006.

125. Source: “SPDC Authorities Fine People Who Fail to Plant Castor Oil”, Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

126. Source: “Government Employees to Plant Jetropha”, Khonumthung, 25 November 2006.

127. Source: “Castor Oil Plantation Project a Problem for the People”, Khonumthung, 11 April 2006.

128. Source: “Model Villages with Jatropas Plantations in Every Township”, Khonumthung, 21 May 2006.

129. Source: “Land Confiscation Continues for Jathropas Plantation”, Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

130. Source: “SPDC Re-Issues Order for Castor Oil Plantation”, Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

131. Source: Ibid.

132. Source: “Another Detained for Criticising Castor Oil Project in Burma”, DVB, 11 March 2006.

133. Source: “Prosecutions for Those Who Criticise Burma Junta’s Physic Nut Project”, DVB, 5 July 2006.

134. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

135. Source: “Alternative Solution for Fuel Turned into Forced Labour in Karen State”, Kaowao News, 26 March 2006.

136. Source: Setting Up the Systems of Repression: The progressive regimentation of civilian life in Dooplaya District, KHRG, 7 September 2006.

137. Source: Ibid.

138. Source: “Another Detained for Criticising Castor Oil Project in Burma”, DVB, 11 March 2006.

139. Source: “Forced Cultivation of Castor-Oil Plants in Mon State”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 31 July 2006.

140. Source: “Inhabitants Were Forced to Plant Physic Nuts (Castor Oil Plants) in front of Their House”, The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 31 May 2006.

141. Source: “Villagers Forced to Grow Castor Oil Plants”, IMNA, 12 May 2006.

142. Source: “TPDC Orders Replanting Castor Seeds”, IMNA, 17 October 2006.

143. Source: “People Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Nam-Zarng”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

144. Source: “Muse Residents Forced To Plant Bio-Fuel Crops By Burmese Military”, Mizzima News, 18 January 2006.

145. Source: “People Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Mawk-Mai”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

146. Source: “People in Relocation Site Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Kun-Hing”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

147. Source: “People Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants, Causing Death, in Murng-Pan”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

148. Source: “Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants Forcibly Grown in Loi-Lem”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

149. Source: “People Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Lai-Kha”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

150. Source: “Villagers Forced to Grow Physic Nut/Castor-Oil Plants in Kun-Hing”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, April 2006.

151. Source: “Forced Physic Nut Plantations in Kun-Hing”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, September 2006.

152. Source: “Confiscation of Rice Farms in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.

153. Source: “Forced Plantation of Physic Nut and Extortion in Kaeng-Tung”, SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, September 2006.

154. Source: “Monthly Salary (Payment Slips) of Factory Workers”, FTUB, Available on the FTUB website at www.ftub.org.  Accessed on 22 February 2007.

155. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2005, US Department of State, 8 March 2006.

156. Source: Ibid.

157. Source: “Nasaka Collects Bribe From Newly-Weds,” Kaladan News, 27 January 2006.

158. Source: “Police Officers Extort Money From Rohingyas,” Kaladan News, 21 February 2006.

159. Source: “Sarapa on Extortion Spree from Arakan Village,” Kaladan News, 4 June 2006.

160. Source: “Villagers Ordered to Provide Cattle and Money”, Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

161. Source: “Nasaka Pockets Money Earned Abroad by Rohingyas,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

162. Source: “Rohingya Village Doctor Fined Kyat 70,000 in Arakan,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

163. Source: “Rohingya Patient Fined Kyat 50,000 in Arakan,” Kaladan News, 25 August 2006.

164. Source: “Nasaka on Collection Spree for Renovation of School,” Kaladan News, 27 September 2006.

165. Source: “Nasaka Extorts Money for Gossiping,” Kaladan News, 7 November 2006.

166. Source: “Nasaka Fines Patient Kyat 50,000,” Kaladan News, 1 November 2006.

167. Source: “Use of Bangladeshi Mobile in Arakan Invites Fine”, Kaladan News, 6 December 2006.

168. Source: “Villager Fined for House Repair”, Kaladan News, 5 December 2006.

169. Source: “Extortion In 24 Villages For Army Camp Construction,” Khonumthung, 24 January 2006.

170. Source: “Three Million Kyat Demanded to Allow Chin Youth”, Khonumthung, 23 March 2006

171. Source: “Government Employees Forced to Pay for Tazaungdaing Festival in Chin State,” Khonumthung, 6 November 2006.

172. Source: “Soldiers Fined A Villager after Killing Her Pig,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.

173. Source: “People Forced to Pay for Volleyball Competition,” Khonumthung, 11 December 2006.

174. Source: “Kyat One Million Fines for Using Bangladeshi Cell Phone,” Kaladan News, 25 November 2006.

175. Source: “TPDC Authorities Raise Funds in Falam, Chin State”, Khonumthung, 11 November 2006.

176. Source: “Burmese Authority Extorting Money from Local People”, DVB, 8 September 2006.

177. Source: “Mass Extortion of Large Amounts of Money in Northern Shan State,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.

178. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 32/06”, KNU, June 2006.

179. Source: “SPDC Human Rights Abuses in Mone Township”, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.

180. Source: Ibid.

181. Source: Ibid.

182. Source: “Village Extortion as Rural Development”, Kaowao News, 9 February 2006.

183. Source: “Illegal Taxation: A Factor Contributes Lack of Livelihood,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 June 2006.

184. Source: “Moulmein Bridge’s Security Guard Extort Money from Ferryboats,” IMNA, 5 April 2006.

185. Source: “Illegal Taxation: A Factor Contributes Lack of Livelihood,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 June 2006.

186. Source: Ibid.

187. Source: “Town Businessmen to Pay for Raising Artillery”, Kaowao News, 17 August 2006.

188. Source: “Traditional Youth Donations Come Under Taxation,” IMNA, 1 August 2006.

189. Source: “Villages Shell out Kyat 80,000 Each for LTAC Football,” IMNA, 25 September 2006.

190. Source: “Illegal Tax to Hit Small Computer Shops Hard in Southern Burma,” IMNA, 4 September 2006.

191. Source: “VPDC collects kyat 200 against Burmese employees list in Thailand,” IMNA, 13 September 2006.

192. Source: “Extortion Continues Unabated in Karen State,” IMNA, 11 December 2006.

193. Source: “Restaurant Goers to Be Taxed in Rangoon,” DVB, 17 August 2006.

194. Source: “Police Extort Money from A Motorcyclist and Tell Him Why, in Kaeng-Tung,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

195. Source: “Farmers Forced to Pay Taxes for Using Their Own Farms in Kyawk-Me,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

196. Source: “Money Extorted from People with New Houses in Murng-Ton,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

197. Source: “Money Extorted to Support People’s Militia and SPDC Soldiers, in Murng-Pan,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

198. Source: “Money Extorted to Make Presents for Foreign Dignitaries in Kaeng-Tung,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

199. Source: “Mass Extortion of Large Amounts of Money in Northern Shan State,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.

200. Source: “Money Extorted from Air Passengers at All the Airports in Shan State,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

201. Source: “Army Harasses Rohingyas on Maungdaw-Buthidaung Road,” Kaladan News, 20 April 2006.

202. Source: “New Army Intelligence Officer Collects Enhanced Toll,” Narinjara News, 2 June 2006.

203. Source: “Burmese Border Authorities Increase Toll Ten Folds at Myawaddy,” DVB, 1 October 2006.

204. Source: “Check Points of Extortion from Border to Mon State,” IMNA, 13 December 2006.

205. Source: “Soldiers Burgle Villager’s Home”, Kaladan News, 24 January 2006.

206. Source: “Villagers Forced To Provide Logs For Construction Of Army Camps”, Kaladan News, 1 February 2006.

207. Source: “SPDC’s New Policy to Cripple Rohingya Economy”, Kaladan News, 16 March 2006.

208. Source: “Kyat 400,000 Bribe for Construction of a House,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

209. Source: “Army Battalion Funds in Arakan Increase Dramatically This Year,” Narinjara News, 5 July 2006.

210. Source: “Army Seizes Clothes from Rohingya Businessman,” Kaladan News, 3 December 2006.

211. Source: “SPDC Troops Extort Money from Traders,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, January-February 2006.

212. Source: “Burmese Army Demand Bribes from Cross-Border Traders,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.

213. Source: “Police Officer Illegally Demanded Huge Sums of Money from A Female Trader, Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.

214. Source: “Burmese Army Demand Chicken from Villagers,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

215. Source: “SPDC Lieutenant Looted 200,000 Kyats from A Woman Trader,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

216. Source: “SPDC Troops Confiscate 1,000,000 Kyats and Four Cattle from Traders,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, September-October 2006.

217. Source: “Public Fleeced for Fencing Army Camps on Indo–Burma Border,” Khonumthung, 15 November 2006.

218. Source: “Burmese Officials Extort Money from Local Residents in Myikyina,” DVB, 22 June 2006.

219. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

220. Source: Abuses in SPDC-Controlled Areas of Papun District, KHRG, 29 April 2006.

221. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

222. Source: The Ongoing Oppression of Thaton District: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Food Insecurity, KHRG, 7 July 2006.

223. Source: Abuses in SPDC-Controlled Areas of Papun District, KHRG, 29 April 2006.

224. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 8/06”, KNU, 13 March 2006.

225. Source: Ibid.

226. Source: Ibid.

227. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 9/06”, KNU, 13 March 2006.

228. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

229. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 9/06”, KNU, 13 March 2006.

230. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 10/06”, KNU, 12 April 2006.

231. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

232. Source: Abuses in SPDC-Controlled Areas of Papun District, KHRG, 29 April 2006.

233. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 11/06”, KNU, 12 April 2006.

234. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 14/06”, KNU, 26 August 2006.

235. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

236. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 18/06”, KNU, 28 August 2006.

237. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 14/06”, KNU, 26 August 2006.

238. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 12/06”, KNU, 26 August 2006.

239. Source: Ibid.

240. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 13/06”, KNU, 26 August 2006.

241. Source: Ibid.

242. S Source: Ibid.

243. Source: “Toungoo and Muthraw Update”, FBR, 24 April 2006.

244. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

245. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 17/06”, KNU, 27 August 2006.

246. Source: Ibid.

247. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 19/06”, KNU, 28 August 2006.

248. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 20/06”, KNU, 28 August 2006.

249. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

250. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 20/06”, KNU, 28 August 2006.

251. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 27/06”, KNU, June 2006.

252. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 23/06”, KNU, 30 August 2006.

253. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 28/06”, KNU, June 2006.

254. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 24/06”, KNU, 30 August 2006.

255. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 27/06”, KNU, June 2006.

256. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 29/06”, KNU, June 2006.

257. Source: Ibid.

258. Source: SPDC Attacks on Villages in Nyaunglebin and Papun Districts and the Civilian Response, KHRG, 11 September 2006.

259. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 31/06”, KNU, June 2006.

260. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 30/06”, KNU, June 2006.

261. Source: Ibid.

262. Source: “SPDC Human Rights Abuses in Mone Township”, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.

263. Source: Ibid.

264. Source: Ibid.

265. Source: Ibid.

266. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 12/06”, KNU, 26 August 2006.

267. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 45/06”, KNU, 12 February 2007.

268. Source: “SPDC Human Rights Abuses in Mone Township”, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.

269. Source: Ibid.

270. Source: Ibid.

271. Source: Ibid.

272. Source: “Villagers Demanded Roofing-Thatches for Police Station Building”, Kantarawaddy Times, 17 October 2006.

273. Source: “Burmese Police Extort Money from Cow Smuggler,” Khonumthung, 30 September 2006.

274. Source: “Shopkeepers Robbed of their Consumer Goods in Murng-Nai,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

275. Source: “Extortion in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.

276. Source: “Report On Government Land Confiscation In Arakan,” Narinjara News, 3 February 2006.

277. Source: “Chinese Ambassador Attends Well Drill Test In Arakan”, Narinjara News, 6 January 2006.

278. Source: “Land Seized For Oil Drilling in Arakan,” Mizzima News, 14 June 2006.

279. Source: “Over 13.22 Acres of Farms Confiscated from Farmers,” Kaladan News, 11 July 2006.

280. Source: “People's Farms Used for Army Target Range,” Narinjara News, 6 November 2006.

281. Source: “Farmlands Grabbed from Burmese Farmers,” DVB, 8 June 2006.

282. Source: Abuses in SPDC-Controlled Areas of Papun District, KHRG, 29 April 2006.

283. Source: “More Than 5000 Acres of Paddy Fields Confiscated from Burmese Farmers,” DVB, 3 July 2006.

284. Source: “Paddy Farms Confiscated for Battalion Brick Production,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 31 July 2006.

285. Source: “Land Confiscation for SPDC’s Army Fund in Mudon Township, Mon State,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 September 2006.

286. Source: “Land Confiscation Keeps on In Southern Ye Township,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, November 2006.

287. Source: “Tens of Thousands of Acres of Cultivated Land Confiscated in Mu-Se,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.

288. Source: “Forced Relocation and Land Confiscation in Kaeng-Tung,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.

289. Source: “Land Confiscation for Rubber Plantations in Kaeng-Tung,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.

290. Source: “Forcible Use of Rice Paddy before Harvest Was Complete, in Kaeng-Tung,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.

291. See numerous KHRG and FBR reports released throughout 2006.

292. Source: Hunger Wielded as a Weapon in Thaton District, KHRG, September 20 2006.

293. Sources: “Fire Guts Building at Border”, Narinjara News, 4 August 2006; "Tahan market reduced to ashes", Khonumthung, 15 August 2006; "Fire in NW Burma's Kalemyo destroys local market", DVB, 15 August 2006; “Another Big Fire at Kalemyo Township NW Burma”, DVB, 21 September 2006; “Market Reduced To Ashes in Burma”, Khonumthung, 23 September 2006; “Shop Owners in Tahan Market to Pay Kyat 3 Lakhs Each”, Khonumthung, 12 October 2006.

294. Sources: “Village Headman House and Huts of Villagers Burned Down by SPDC,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006; “Soldiers torch village chief’s house and jhum huts in Chin state,” Khonumthung, 24 July 2006.

295. Source: “Empty Houses to Be Destroyed in Southern Mon State,” IMNA, 6 November 2006.

296. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 10/06”, KNU, 12 April 2006.

297. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006

298. Source: Ibid.

299. Source: “FBR Report from Nya Moo Kee Village. Mon Township, Nyaunglebin District, Western Karen State,” FBR, 17 April, 2006.

300. Source: Ibid.

301. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 14/06”, KNU, 26 August 2006.

302. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

303. Source: Ibid.

304. Source: Ibid.

305. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

306. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 16/06”, KNU, 27 August 2006.

307. Source: Ibid.

308. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 21/06”, KNU, 28 August 2006.

309. Source: Ibid.

310. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 23/06”, KNU, 30 August 2006.

311. Source: Papun Update: SPDC Attacks on Villages Continue, KHRG, 6 October 2006.

312. Source: Ibid.

313. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 27/06”, KNU, June 2006.

314. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 28/06”, KNU, June 2006.

315. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 23/06”, KNU, 30 August 2006.

316. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 32/06”, KNU, June 2006.

317. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

318. Source: “SPDC Creates Economic Hardship in Mon Villages, Kaowao News, 5 February 2006.

319. Source: “Market Being Pulled Down for Administrative Building,” IMNA, 13 October 2006.

320. Source: “Travellers Face Bunt of Extortion in Chin State”, Khonumthung, 3 February 2006.

321. Source: “Fresh Restrictions on Carrying Rice in Arakan”, Kaladan News, 4 November 2006.

322. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

323. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 32/06”, KNU, June 2006.

324. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 29/06”, KNU, June 2006.

325. Source: The Ongoing Oppression of Thaton District: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Food Insecurity, KHRG, 7 July 2006.

326. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

327. Source: “Farmers in central Burma told to dismantle their farmhouses,” DVB, 17 March 2006.

328 Source: “Bago farmers likely to harvest less paddy in the coming year,” IMNA, 5 June 2006.