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Footnotes - Chapter 2: Extra-judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Execution


  

1. Source: SPDC Attacks on villages in Nyaunglebin and Papun Districts and the Civilian Response, KHRG, 11 September 2006.

2. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007.

3. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.

4. Source: “Burmese Military Warns Karen They Will Shoot to Kill” Mizzima, 27 April 2006; “Toungoo and Muthraw Update,” FBR, 24 April 2006.

5. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

6. Sources: “KNU Press Release No. 34/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007; “KNU Press Release No. 35/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

7. Source: “Civilians as Targets,” KHRG, 30 April 2006.

8. Source: “FBR REPORT: Five villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006.

9. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007.

10 Source: “FBR REPORT: Relief Team Finds Bodies of Murdered IDPs,” FBR, 19 April, 2006

11. Source: Less than Human: Convict Porters in the 2005-2006 Northern Karen State Offensive,  KHRG, 22 August 2006.

12. Source: “Prison Porters On The Front Line,”Irrawaddy, 22 February 2006.

13. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.

14. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007.

15. Source: Less than Human: Convict Porters in the 2005-2006 Karen State Offensive, KHRG, 22 August 2006.

16. Source: “Navy Deserters Captured And Executed,” Narinjara News, 13 January 2006.

17. Sources: “Village headman killed, two forcibly recruited as soldiers," Khonumthoung, 13 July 2006; “Village Headman Shot to Death,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.

18. Source: Bloody killings expose myth of “state stability,” AHRC, 1 July 2006.

19. Source: Ibid.

20. Source: Ibid.

21. Source: Ibid.

22. Source: Ibid.

23. Source: “Former Political Prisoner’s Death: Official Account Challenged,” Irrawaddy, 23 March 2006.

24. Source: Observations of the UN Special Rapporteur on Extra Judicial Killing, E/CN.4/2006/53/Add.1.

25. Sources: “Ex-Burmese political prisoner beaten to death: Mother tells horror,” DVB, 18 March 2006; “2006 Year-end Review,” Irrawaddy, December 2006.

26. Sources: “Murder of Thet Naing Oo shows lack of rule of law in Burma – Min Ko Naing,” DVB, 19 March 2006; “Murder most foul: Thet Naing Oo’s murder is abuse of power – NLD lawyer,” DVB, 20 March 2006; “Burma opposition groups call for investigations into Thet Naing Oo’s murder,” DVB, 21 March 2006; “Special tribunal set up over murder of former Burmese prisoner,” DVB, 28 March 2006; “Myanmar promise and the rule of mob: Thet Naing Oo’s mother barred from attending tribunal,” DVB, 29 March 2006; “Seven Rangoon trishaw drivers interrogated over death of Thet Naing Oo,” DVB, 3 April 2006; “Murdered Thet Naing Oo’s friends released in Rangoon,” DVB, 12 April 2006; “Thet Naing Oo’s friends released after forced to give false statement,” DVB, 14 April 2006; Burma: The Human Rights Situation in 2006: The myth of state stability & a system of justice, AHRC,21 December 2006.

27. Source: “The new lies of Myanmar: murdered victim portrayed as drunken lout,” DVB, 23 March 2006.

28. Source: “Appeal for murdered youth rejects by Burmese court,” DVB,10 October 2006.

29. Source: “Navy Deserters Captured And Executed,” Narinjara News, 13 January 2006

30. Source: “Body of Burmese Citizen Recovered by Bangladeshi Police in Naff River,” Narinjara News, 29 June 2006.

31. Source: “Two Girls Found Dead in Naf River,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.

32. Source: “Police Kill Man in Pauktaw Township,” Narinjara News, 20 August 2006.

33. Source: “Justice for Teenager Killed by Police Still Waiting for Court,” Narinjara News, 7 September 2006.

34. Source: “Two Families Seek Justice in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 21 October 2006.

35. Source: “Civilian Killed by Burmese Sailors,” Narinjara News, 22 August 2006.

36. Source: “Two Families Seek Justice in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 21 October 2006.

37. Source: “Suspects Die in Police Interrogation,” Narinjara News, 30 September 2006.

38. Source: “Burma Security Force Abducted 30 Bangladesh Citizens,” Narinjara News, 11 October 2006.

39. Source: “Three Bangladeshi Prisoners Die in Burma,” Narinjara News, 29 December 2006.

40. Source: “Burma Force Kills Bangladeshi Fisherman,” Narinjara News, 23 December 2006.

41. Source: “Village Headman Shot to Death,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, May-June 2006.

42. Source: “Village headman killed, two forcibly recruited as soldiers," Khonumthoung, 13 July 2006.

43. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

44.   Source: Bloody killings expose myth of “state stability”, AHRC, 11 July 2006.

45. Source: “The Burma Army Kills and Rapes Villagers As They Attempt To Completely Dominate The Dooplaya District Of South Central Karen State, Eastern Burma,” Free Burma Rangers News, FBR, 23 February 2007.

46. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps Near Recently Attacked villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006

47. Source: SPDC Operations in Kler Lweh Htoo (Nyaunglebin) District, KHRG, 30 April 2006.

48. Source: Ibid.

49. Source: “FBR Update: Father and One Legged Son Shot and Killed by the Burma Army in Mon Township,” FBR, 20 May 2006.

50. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

51. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps Near Recently Attacked villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006.

52. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 14/06,” KNU, 26 August 2006.

53. Sources: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps near Recently Attacked Villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006; Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

54. Source: State of Terror: The Ongoing Rape, Murder, Torture and Forced Labour Suffered by Women living under the Burmese Military Regime in KarenState, KWO, February 2007.

55. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

56. Source: “FBR REPORT: Relief Team Finds Bodies of Murdered IDPs,” FBR, 19 April, 2006.

57. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

58. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 14/06,” KNU, 26 August 2006.

59. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.

60. Source: Ibid.

61. Source: “FBR REPORT: Relief Team Finds Bodies of Murdered IDPs,” FBR, 19 April, 2006.

62. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 19/06,” KNU, 28 August 2006.

63. Sources: “KNU Press Release No. 31/06,” KNU, June 2006; SPDC Attacks on villages in Nyaunglebin and Papun Districts and the Civilian Response, KHRG, 11 September 2006; ““KNU Press Release No. 33/06,”” KNU, 12 February 2006; “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps Near Recently Attacked villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006.

64. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps Near Recently Attacked villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006.

65. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 40/06,” KNU, 12 February 2006.

66. Source: “FBR Report: Karen State Update,” FBR, 6 October 2006.

67. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 34/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

68. Source: “FBR REPORT: Photos and Update of Burma Army attacks in Nyaunglebin and Toungoo Districts Karen State,” FBR, 17 November 2006.

69. Source: “FBR Report: Burma Army Machineguns Hiding Places as Karen Families Flee New Onslaught,” FBR, 27 October 2006

70. Source: “FBR REPORT: Photos and Update of Burma Army attacks in Nyaunglebin and Toungoo Districts Karen State,” FBR, 17 November 2006.

71. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 46/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

72. Source: “FBR REPORT: Photos and Update of Burma Army attacks in Nyaunglebin and Toungoo Districts Karen State,” FBR, 17 November 2006.

73. Source: Ibid.

74. Source: Ibid.

75. Source: “Arakanese Prisoner Killed By Burmese Army In Karen State,” Narinjara News, 21 February 2006.

76. Source: Less than Human: Convict Porters in the 2005-2006 Karen State Offensive, KHRG, 22 August 2006.

77. Source: “KNU Press Release 18/06,” KNU, 28 August 2006.

78. Source: Ibid.

79. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 34/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

80. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

81. Source: “Update of Burma Army Activity in Muthraw District, Northern Karen State,” FBR, 24 April 2006.

82. Source: Ibid

83. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 34/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

84. Sources: “KNU Press Release No. 18/06,” KNU, 28 August 2006; “Toungoo and Muthraw Update,” FBR, 24 April 2006.

85. Source: “Update of Burma Army Activity in Muthraw District, Northern Karen State,” FBR, 24 April 2006

86. Source: Less than Human: Convict Porters in the 2005-2006 Karen State Offensive, KHRG, 22 August 2006.

87. Source: Ibid.

88. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 35/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

89. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 52/06,” KNU, 14 February 2007.

90. Source: “Prison Porters On The Front Line,”Irrawaddy, 22 February 2006.

91. Source: “Pyinmana Move Creates Problems For Karen: KNU,” Mizzima, 8 February 2006.

92. Source: “FBR Update: Burma Army Activities in Toungoo District, Western Karen State,” FBR, 25 May 2006.

93. Source: Ibid.

94. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.

95. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 16/06,” KNU, 27 August 2006.

96. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

97. Source: Ibid.

98. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Murders Civilians and Builds New Camps Near Recently Attacked villages as the Offensive Continues,” FBR, 30 August 2006.

99. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

100. Source: Ibid.

101. Source: Ibid.

102. Source:  “KNU Press Release No. 39/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

103. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Abuses During Current Offensive in Toungoo District,” FBR, 13 November 2006.

104. Source: Ibid.

105. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007.

106. Source: “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Abuses During Current Offensive in Toungoo District,” FBR, 13 November 2006.

107. Source: “FBR Report: Karen State Update,” FBR, 6 October 2006.

108. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 42/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

109. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 44/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

110. Source: “FBR REPORT: Five villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006.

111. Sources: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007; “FBR REPORT: Five villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006; “KNU Press Release No. 44/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

112. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 46/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

113. Source: “FBR Report: Man Burned Alive by Burma Army troops as they Burn his village Down,” FBR, 1 November 2006.

114. Source: “FBR Report: Five villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006.

115. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 47/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.

116. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007.

117. Source: Ibid.

118. Source: Ibid.

119. Source: Ibid.

120. Source: “Arrested Karenni villager Found Beheaded,” Mizzima, 6 January 2006.

121. Source: “Serial Killers: Another Burmese Youth Died in the Hand of Police,” DVB, 31 March 2006; “Dead men don’t talk: Burma admits death in Police Custody, but blames victim,” DVB, 12 April 2006.

122. Source: “2006 Year-end Review,” Irrawaddy, December 2006.

123. Source: “Two Mon youth shot dead by Burmese soldiers during a brawl,” DVB, 25 February 2006.

124. Source: “Horror Persists in Ye Township,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, March 2006.

125. Source: Ibid.

126. Source: Ibid.

127. Source: “Ceasefire Group Seeks Justice for Killings,” Irrawaddy, 10 March 2006.

128. Sources: “Another ‘Friendly Fire’ from Burma Army – This Time, DKBA Victims,” DVB, 6 March 2006; Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006; “Ceasefire Group Seeks Justice for Killings,” Irrawaddy, 10 March 2006.

129. Source: “Another Burmese Youth Beaten to Death by Soldiers,” DVB, 4 July 2006; Bloody killings expose myth of “state stability”, AHRC, 11 July 2006.

130. Source: Bloody killings expose myth of “state stability”, Asia Human Rights Commission, 11 July 2006; “BLC Accuses Burmese Police Officer of Murder,” Mizzima, 3 August 2006.

131. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns, Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.

132. Source: "Police Brutality: Another Civilian Beaten to Death in Rangoon," DVB, 28 August 2006.

133. Source: “Prisoners Beaten Up and Killed in Burma’s Kalemyo Prison,” DVB, 28 January 2006

134. Source: “Another ‘Friendly Fire’ from Burma Army – This Time, DKBA Victims,” DVB, 6 March 2006; “KIO Warns Killing of its Members Jeopardises Burma Convention,” DVB, 5 January 2005; “Friendly Fire: Burmese Soldiers Kill Six KIO Members in Shan State,” DVB, 3 January 2006.

135. Source: “A Farmer Beaten to Death, His Motorcycle and Valuables Stolen, in Si-Paw,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

136. Source: “A Man Shot Dead with No Apparent Reason in Lai-Kha,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, October 2006.

137. Source: “Junta army looks at gift horses in the mouth – Hawkeye,” SHAN, 4 May 2006.

138. Source: “Arrest, Torture, Killing and Disappearance, in Kun-Hing,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, January 2007.