1. Source: Burma (Myanmar): The Time for Change, Martin Smith, Minority Rights Group International, May 2002.
2. Source: Burma - Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity, Martin Smith, London: Zed Books, 1991.
3. Sources: “National Convention Proceedings, April 1993,” Working People’s Daily/New Light of Myanmar via Burma Press Summary, April 1993; “Press Release on NLD Withdrawal,” The National Convention Convening Commission, 28 November 1995.
4. Sources: “Exiled Shan Nationals to Hold on to Armed Struggle,” DVB, 29 March 2005; “Ten Shan Activists Arrested in Myanmar for Conspiracy: Minister,” AFP, 15 March 2005.
5. Source: “People Forced to Attend Mass Demonstration in Kaeng-Tung to Support the ‘National Convention’ Held in Rangoon (Yangon),” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, May 2005.
6. Source: “Federal Constitution Seminar Held in Kawthoolei,” Kaowao News, 10 April 2006.
7. Source: “Chin Community of Germany Hosted Chinland Constitution Consultative Meetings,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.
8. Source: PeaceVillages and HidingVillages: Roads, Relocations, and the Campaign for Control in Toungoo District, KHRG, 15 October 2000.
9. Source: “BCP-Arakan Impersonates Arakanese Opposition Group against UNSC Agenda,” Narinjara News, 10 October 2006.
10. Source: Burma - Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity, Martin Smith, London: Zed Books, 1991.
11. Source: Surviving In Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.
12. Source: “Arakan Rebel Destroys SPDC Army Camp,” Khonumthung, 22 November 2006.
13. Source: “Arakan Underground and SPDC Block Border Road,” Khonumthung, 21 November 2006.
14. Source: “Chin Group Calls for Talks with Burmese Military,” Mizzima News, 3 April 2006.
15. Source: “Burma Government Employee Flees To Indo-Burma Border,” Khonumthung, 19 May 2006.
16. Source: “Armed Encounter in Chin State,” Khonumthung, 10 June 2006.
17. Sources: “Further Divisions in Kachin State,” Irrawaddy, 15 November 2005; “Unity Problems Among Kachin Groups and Burma Junta,” DVB, 30 March 2005; “Kachins Reunite: KIO Welcomes Back 37 Defectors in Northern Burma,” DVB, 2 August 2005; “Junta Trying for a Split in Unified KSC,” Mizzima News, 13 August 2005.
18. Source: “CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma.” CSW, September 2006.
19. Source: “KIO Promises Better Power Supplies for Kachin State,” Irrawaddy, 25 August 2006.
20. Source: “Chinese Company Starts Rubber Plantation in UWSA Controlled Area,” Mizzima News, 18 July 2006.
21. Source: “KIO President Dies of Liver Cancer,” Mizzima News, 15 June 2006.
22. Source: “KNO Condemns Kachin Group for Attending Convention,” Mizzima News, 6 October 2006.
23. Sources: “Sanction Burma Junta Style: KIO Blocked for Supporting UNSC’s Decision,” DVB, 3 October 2006; “KIO Leaders Seek Talks with Junta,” Irrawaddy, 18 October 2006; “KIO Resists Regime Pressure to Condemn UNSC,” Irrawaddy, 4 October 2006.
24. Source: “Regime Seals Off Kachin Gold-mining Areas,” Irrawaddy, 26 October 2006.
25. Source: “Kachin Leaders Meet Families of KIA Members Killed by Burmese Soldiers,” DVB, 10 March 2006.
26. Source: “CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma.” CSW, September 2006.
27. Source: “Four KIA fighters arrested by Burmese military,” Mizzima News, 14 February 2006.
28. Source: “Burmese military raids KIA outposts,” Mizzima News, 21 April 2006.
29. Source: “Special report: KIO members detained by Burmese army,” DVB, 21 April 2006.
30. Sources: “KIO Outposts Attacked,” Mizzima News, 2 July 2006; “Kachin Fighters Attack Rival Group’s Base,” DVB, 1 July 2006.
31. Sources: “Divide and Rule: Kachin KIO and NDA-K Meet in Myikyina,” DVB, 6 July 2006; “Fresh Violence Further Divides Kachin Ceasefire Groups,” Irrawaddy, 3 July 2006.
32. Sources: “Burma Army to Exercise in KIA Controlled Area,” Mizzima News, 11 December 2006; “KIO Asks Junta to Stop Military Exercises,” Irrawaddy, 19 December 2006.
33. Sources: “Coup in Kachin Armed Group National Democratic Army,” Mizzima News, 15 September 2005; “No More Peace for Peace Groups,” SHAN, 23 September 2005.
34. Sources: “NDA-K Factions Renew Fighting,” Mizzima News, 24 May 2006; “Clash between Kachin NDA-K Factions in Northern Burma,” DVB, 24 May 2006; “Kachin Ceasefire Group Implodes,” Irrawaddy, 26 May 2006; “Kachin Mutiny Ends,” Irrawaddy, 29 May 2006.
35. Source: “Burma’s National Convention Resumes,” Irrawaddy, 10 October 2006.
36. Source: Recent Attacks on Villages in Southeastern Toungoo District Send Thousands Fleeing into the Forests and to Thailand, KHRG, 16 March 2006.
37. Sources: SPDC operations in Kler Lweh Htoo (Nyaunglebin) district, KHRG, 30 April 2006; Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
38. Source: “New Map of Areas of Displacement, Burma Army Camps and People Under Attack”, FBR, 1 November 2006.
39. Sources: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006; One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.
40. Source: KHRG Commentary: Civilians as Targets, KHRG, 30 April 2006.
41. Source: KarenState Update, FBR, 6 October 2006.
42. One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.
43. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.
44. Source: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState. Burma Issues, December 2006.
45. One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.
46. Source: “No Peace Talks until Military Stops Violence, Says KNU,” Mizzima News, 18 July 2006.
47. Sources: “Karen Rebels Plan Peace Talks with Junta,” Irrawaddy, 29 September 2006; “Karen National Union Delegation Leaves 'For Talks' in Rangoon,” DVB, 29 September 2006.
48. Sources: “Endgame in Karen State,” Irrawaddy, 13 October 2006; “Gentleman’s Agreement Is Dead Says Burma Junta to KNU,” DVB, 11 October 2006.
49. Sources: “KNU to Revisit Rangoon for Peace Talks,” Mizzima News, 21 December 2006; “KNU Plans Ceasefire Talks with Military,” DVB, 21 December 2006.
50. Source: “Divide and Rule: We Can Work It Out Says KNU,” DVB, 1 August 2006.
51. Source: “KNU Blames Junta for Discord,” Irrawaddy, 4 August 2006.
52. Source: “KNLA Plans Talks with Karen Body on Differences,” DVB, 22 August 2006.
53. Source: “KNU Leader Saw Bo Mya Dies in Mae Sot Pawo Hospital,” IMNA, 24 December 2006.
54. Source: “Renowned Karen Rebel Leader Dead,” Irrawaddy, 24 December 2006.
55. Source: “KNU Leader Saw Bo Mya Passed Away,” Kaladan News, 24 December 2006.
56. Sources: “Ten Thousand Attend Gen Bo Mya’s Funeral,” Irrawaddy, 26 December 2006; “Thousands Attend Bo Mya's Funeral,” DVB, 27 December 2006.
57. Members of HRDU and NCGUB who attended the funeral attest to this.
58. Source: “The KNU 7th Brigade Defection: SPDC’S Propaganda over Substance”, Altsean Burma, 23 February 2007.
59. Source: “Trumped Up: KNU Dismisses Burma Junta’s Report of Blast Culprit,” DVB, 8 March 2006.
60. Source: Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.
61. Source: “Summary Report on Military Activities in KNLA Areas for the Period from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006.” KNU, January 2007.
62. Source: “Two Arakanese Soldiers from the Burmese Army Surrendered to KNU,” Narinjara News, 31 March 2006.
63. Source: “Summary Report on Military Activities in KNLA Areas for the Period from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006”, KNU, January 2007.
64. Source: “Surrender or Fight: DKBA Faces Dilemma,” Kaowao News, 16 May 2005.
65. Source: “More ceasefire groups expected to break with Rangoon.” Irrawaddy, 24 May 2005.
66. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
67. Source: “Another ‘Friendly Fire’ from Burma Army – This Time, DKBA Victims,” DVB, 6 March 2006.
68. Source: “Ceasefire Group Seeks Justice for Killings,” Irrawaddy, 10 March 2006.
69. Source: Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
70. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
71. Source: “Burma Regime Representatives at Karen New Year Festivities,” Irrawaddy, 19 December 2006.
72. Source: “Junta Permits Gambling to Steer People from Politics,” IMNA, 23 October 2006.
73. Source: “God’s Army Twin Surrenders to Burmese Military,” Mizzima News, 26 July 2006.
74. Source: Myanmar Backgrounder: Ethnic Minority Politics, ICG, 7 May 2003.
75. Source: “Burmese Army’s winter attack on Karenni begins,” NMG, 23 December 2005.
76. Sources: “Visit to the Thai-Burmese Border”, CSW, November 2005; They're at it Again; Recent Reports of the SPDC's Chemical Weapons Use Consistent with Evidence Presented in Past KHRG Reports, KHRG, 3/5/05; “Number of Mustard Gas Victims Increase in Karenni Camp,” Mizzima News, 12 May 2005; “Burmese Army Deserters Describe Transporting Chemical Artillery Shells,” RFA, 24 May 2005.
77. Source: “Clashes between Burmese troops and Karenni fighters.” DVB, 27 February 2006.
78. Source: “Junta official urges Thai authorities not to support KNPP.” Kantarawaddy Times, 15 May 2006.
79. Source: Burma (Myanmar): The Time for Change, Martin Smith, Minority Rights Group International, May 2002.
80. Source: “Pregnant women tortured in jails,” Kantarawaddy Times, 6 June 2006.
81. Source: “KNPLF Hunts for Village Headman,” Kantarawaddy Times, 6 June 2006.
82. Sources: Recent Attacks on Villages in Southeastern Toungoo District Send Thousands Fleeing into the Forests and to Thailand, KHRG, 16 March 2006; Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.
83. Source: “Karenni Nationalities People’s Liberation Front protests at US-Britain resolution,” MRTV-3, 15 January 2006.
84. Sources: Enduring Hunger and Repression:Food Scarcity, Internal Displacement, and the Continued Use of Forced Labour in Toungoo District, KHRG, 27 September 2004; Recent Attacks on Villages in Southeastern Toungoo District Send Thousands Fleeing into the Forests and to Thailand, KHRG, 16 March 2006; Without Respite: Renewed Attacks on Villages and Internal Displacement in Toungoo District, KHRG, 13 June 2006.
85. Source: “NMSP Debate Matters of Political Division,” Kaowao News,23 September 2006.
86. Source: “Burmese Junta Cuts Support for NMSP,” Irrawaddy, 9 September 2005.
87. . Source: “Burma Junta Resumes Support for Mon Ceasefire Group,” DVB, 12 September 2005.
88. Source: “First Woman CC Member of NMSP Suspended,” IMNA, 3 October 2006.
89. Source: “Military Accuses NMSP Member of Involvement in Gas Pipeline Explosion,” IMNA, 30 May 2006.
90. Source: “Mon Leaders to Reconsider Cease-Fire Issue,” IMNA, 26 April 2006.
91. Sources: “There Will Be Trouble ahead in Burma, Says Mon Peace Group,” DVB, 30 June 2006; “Mon Cease-Fire Loses Steam,” IMNA, 30 June 2006.
92. Source: “Ethnic Cease-Fire Group Insists on Tripartite Dialogue,” IMNA, 8 August 2006.
93. Source: “NMSP Debate Matters of Political Division,” Kaowao News, 23 September 2006.
94. Source: “New Mon State Party on the Way to National Convention,” Kaowao News, 27 September 2006.
95. Source: “NMSP to Join NC as Observer While Welcoming UNSC Move,” IMNA, 27 September 2006.
96. Source: “Mon Community Gives ‘Thumb’s Up’ to UNSC’s Agenda,” Kaowao News, 28 September 2006.
97. Source: “NMSP: Cease-fire policy will be maintained,” Kaowao News, 24 October 2006.
98. Source: “SPDC Plans to Enter NMSP Administered Area,” IMNA, 10 October 2006.
99. Source: “NMSP Starts Campaign among Mon People,” IMNA, 4 December 2006.
100. Source: “Ceasefire Group Says It Can’t Trust National Convention,” Irrawaddy 7 December 2006.
101. Source: “NMSP Office Ordered to Move from Village by Military,” IMNA, 12 December 2006.
102. Source: “Military Bans Carrying Food to Farms in Southern Ye Township,” IMNA, 3 October 2006.
103. Source: “Ambush Continue Despite Military Presence,” Kaowao News, 13 November 2006.
104. Source: “Five armed men surrender to military”, IMNA, 14 April 2006.
105. Source: “Five members of Tavoy armed group surrender to Rangoon.” IMNA, 26 March 2006.
106. Source: Myanmar: Travesties of Justice – Continued Misuse of the legal system, Amnesty International (Canada), 12 December 2005.
108. Sources: “Shan Leaders Sentenced in Rangoon Insein Jail,” DVB, 4 November 2005; “Shan Leaders Sentenced,” Irrawaddy, 8 November 2005.
109. Source: “Wa ‘Invited’ to Surrender,” SHAN, 17 April 2006.
110. Sources: Myanmar Backgrounder: Ethnic Minority Politics, ICG, 7 May 2003; Unwanted and Unprotected: Burmese Refugees in Thailand, HRW, September 1998.
111. Source: “The Golden Triangle Heroin Produced Decrease and Remain Only 5 Percents from Estimate Amount of World Produced,” Kantarawaddy Times, 16 October 2006.
112. Source: “Noose Tightens on Wa,” SHAN, 14 November 2006.
113. Sources: “Tension Between Burmese Troops and UWSA,” DVB, 14 November 2004; “UWSA Members Detained by Burmese Soldiers,” DVB, 15 September 2005.
114. Source: “Junta Urges the Wa’s Army to Disarm,” Irrawaddy, 18 April 2006.
115. Source: “Tough Year in the Offing for Wa,” SHAN, 30 August 2006.
116. Source: “Noose Tightens on Wa,” SHAN, 14 November 2006.
117. Source: “Chinese Company Starts Rubber Plantation in UWSA Controlled Area,” Mizzima News, 18 July 2006.
118. Sources: “More Troops on the Border,” SHAN, 11 November 2006; “Increase in Burmese Troops on the Border,” SHAN, 30 November 2006
119. Source: “No more Wa exodus,” SHAN, 9 May 2006.
120. Source: “Wa ‘Invited’ to Surrender,” SHAN, 17 April 2006.
121. Source: “Burma’s National Convention Resumes,” Irrawaddy, 10 October 2006.
122. Source: Myanmar Backgrounder: Ethnic Minority Politics, ICG, 7 May 2003.
123. Sources: “Shan fighters surrender to Burmese military authorities” DVB, 2 January 2006; “The big chase,” SHAN, 2 January 2006.
124. Source: “Fresh campaign against SSA begins,” SHAN, 18 January 2006.
125. Source: “24 Shan Fighters Sentenced to Death by Burmese Court,” DVB, 10 March 2006.
126. Sources: “Shan Rebels Seek Alliance,” Irrawaddy, 19 May 2006; “Shan army on ‘peace mission’,” SHAN, 17 May 2006.
128. Sources: “Hundreds of Shan Ethnic Rebels Surrender Arms To Myanmar Government,” AP, 10 July 2006; “Myanmar returns weapons to rebel faction,” AFP, 18 July 2006; “SSA-S Commander Surrenders to Burma Army with 800 Followers,” DVB, 8 July 2006.
129. Source: “Southern Shan Army Fighters Surrender,” Mizzima News, 9 July 2006.
130. Sources: “Prodigal Son Returns,” SHAN, 5 August 2006; “Shan Renegade Group Breaks with Government,” Irrawaddy, 7 August 2006.
131. Source: “Renegade Shan Commander Wants to Be Reinstated,” SHAN, 1 September 2006.
132. Source: “Junta Soldiers Pursue Runaway Shan Renegade,” Irrawaddy, 16 August 2006.
133. Source: “SSA-S Ambushes Burmese Troop,” SHAN, 6 December 2006.
134. Sources: “Worries after Fighting Erupts Close to Border,” Bangkok Post, 12 December 2006; “Sporadic Clashes between SSA-S and Burmese Army,” SHAN, 12 December 2006.
135. Source: “Wa Not Joining Battle with Shans,” SHAN, 16 December 2006.
136. Source: “Burmese Troops Clash with SSA near Tachilek,” Irrawaddy, 13 December 2006.
137. Source: “Wa Not Joining Battle with Shans,” SHAN, 16 December 2006.
138. Source: Burma/Thailand; No Safety in Burma, No Sanctuary in Thailand, HRW, 1 July 1997
139. Source: “Col Sai Yee Elected to SSA Leadership,” Kaowao Newsletter No. 103, 21 January-1 February 2006.
140. Source: “Breaking News: Burmese troops attack a SSA-N base in Shan State,” DVB, 10 February 2006.
141. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns; Volume Three, Altsean Burma, July 2006.
142. Source: “Ceasefire factions keep up ‘uncivil’ war,” SHAN, 15 June 2006.
143. Source: “Shan-Kayah border increases production,” SHAN, 12 May 2006.
145. Source: “Mongla Will Not Be Pushed”, SHAN, 22 August 2006.
146. Source: “Lahu Democratic Front Leader Dies,” IMNA, 23 June 2006.
147. Source: Myanmar Backgrounder: Ethnic Minority Politics, ICG, 7 May 2003.
149. Sources: “A Struggle for Self-Determination in Burma: Ethnic Nationalities Perspective,” Dr. Lian H Sakhond, 9 September 2004; “Opposition Releases Alternate Draft Constitution,” NMG, 13 December 2005.
150. Source: “NDF’s sixth Congress Successfully Concluded,” Narinjara News, 26 April 2006.
151. Source: “Burma Army Rotates New Troops Into Northern Karen State,” FBR, 29 January 2007.
152. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma: 2006 Survey, TBBC, November 2006.
153. Sources: “New Wave of Wa Settlers Reach Border,” SHAN, 21 April 2006. “Big Drug Bust in Burma,” The Nation, 25 April 2006.
154. Source: “No more Wa exodus,” SHAN, 9 May 2006.
155. Source: Northern Arakan/RakhineState: A Chronic Emergency, Chris Lewa. 29 March 2006.
157. Source: “Villager Sentenced to Jail for Not Having Village out Pass,” Kaladan News, 23 September 2006.
158. Source: “Army Harasses Rohingyas On Maungdaw-Buthidaung Road,” Kaladan News, 20 April 2006.
159. Source: Northern Arakan/RakhineState: A Chronic Emergency, Chris Lewa. 29 March 2006.
160. Source: “126 Orphanage Students Face Hunger in North Arakan,” Narinjara News, 7 March 2006.
161. Source: “Army Confiscates Farms for Natala Villagers in Arakan,” Kaladan News, 16 April 2006.
162. Source: “Over 400 New Settlers for Model Villages Arrive in Northern Arakan,” Narinjara News, 4 November 2006.
163. Source: “Nasaka to Bring More New Comers from Burma Proper,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.
164. Source: “Western Command Commander Arrives at Border to Inspect Model Villages,” Narinjara News, 21 November 2006.
165. Source: “New Regulation for Marriage Permits in Arakan State,” Kaladan News, 5 March 2006.
166. Source: “Nasaka Extorts Huge Amounts for Marriage Permits,” Kaladan News, 28 September 2006.
167. Source: “Rohingyas to Register Births and Deaths,” Kaladan News, 6 March 2006.
168. Source: “Ancient Mrauk-U Palace Turned into Castor Oil Plantation,” Narinjara News, 5 August 2006.
169. Source: “Two Chin People Arrested for Connection to Insurgent Group,” Narinjara News, 22 December 2006.
170. Source: “Villager Sentenced to Jail for Not Having Village out Pass,” Kaladan News, 23 September 2006.
172. Source: “Three Years in Jail for Couple in Love,” Kaladan News, 9 August 2006.
173. Sources: “Nasaka Extorts Huge Amounts for Marriage Permits,” Kaladan News, 28 September 2006; “Wedding Ceremony Raided by Police,” Kaladan News, 31 August 2006.
174. Source: “Nasaka Extorts Huge Amounts for Marriage Permits,” Kaladan News, 28 September 2006.
176. Source: “Mother Jailed for Daughter’s Marriage,” Kaladan News, 4 November 2006.
177. Source: “Couple Arrested by Nasaka,” Kaladan News, 19 December 2006.
178. Source: “New Couple Flees to Bangladesh,” Kaladan News, 20 December 2006.
179. Source: “Army Confiscates Farms for Natala Villagers in Arakan,” Kaladan News, 16 April 2006.
181. Source: “New Settlers Brought to Northern Arakan,” Kaladan News, 15 November 2006.
182. Source: “Natala Villagers Loot Home of Rohingya,” Kaladan News, 13 November 2006.
183. Source: “Burma – Visit to the Chin Peoples - March 2006,” CSW, March 2006.
185. Source: “Chin State’s Indo-Burma Border Suffers from Medical Neglect,” Khonumthung, 30 April 2006.
186. Source: “CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma,” CSW, September, 2006.
187. Source: Driven Away: Trafficking of Kachin Women on the China-Burma Border, KWAT, 2005.
188. Source: “CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma.” CSW, September, 2006.
192. Source: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.
193. Source: “Myanmar troops reportedly attacking minority villages” AFP, 11 April 2006.
194. Sources: “Lame Excuse: Burma Military Junta Admits Attacks on Karen Civilians,” DVB, 14 May 2006; “Inside Burma: Fear and Repression: 16,000 Forced From Homes as Generals Try To Annihilate Resistance,” The Guardian, 23 May 2006.
195. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume Three, Altsean Burma, July 2006.
196. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
197. Source: “Burma: U.N. Must Act to End Attacks on Karen,” HRW, 3 May 2006.
198. Source: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.
199. Source: “Landmines: When Repatriation becomes an act of murder”, Burma Issues Newsletter, September 2004.
200. Source: HRDU interviews with representatives of various local organizations.
201. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
203. Source: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.
204. Source: “Toungoo and Muthraw Update,” FBR, 24 April 2006.
205. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
206. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
207. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
208. Source: “Rights Abuses, Violence A Daily Event in Karen State, Says Rights Group,” Irrawaddy, 21 November 2006.
209. Source: “Five Villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006.
210. Source: “Burma: U.N. Must Act to End Attacks on Karen,” HRW, 3 May 2006.
211. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
213. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
214. Source: “Burma: Army Forces Thousands to Flee,” HRW, 30 November 2006.
215. Source: One Year On: Continuing abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.
216. Source: “Karen Refugees Not Allowed to Enter Thailand,” DVB, 19 March 2006.
217. Source: Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma 2006 Survey, TBBC, November 2006.
218. Source: “FBR Report from Nya Moo Kee Village. Mon Township, Nyaunglebin District, Western Karen State,” FBR, 17 April, 2006.
219. Source: “NCUB Denounce Burma Junta Over Attacks on Karen Civilians,” DVB, 8 May 2006.
220. Source: “Protectors Demand Myanmar End Offensive Against Karen,” DPA, 16 May 2006.
221. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
222. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
223. Source: “Burmese Military Warns Karen They Will Shoot to Kill,” Mizzima News, 27 April 2006.
224. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: the Abuse and Agency of Karen Women Under Militarization. KHRG, November 2006.
225. Source: Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
226. Source: Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
227. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
228. Source: Offensive columns shell and burn villages, round up villagers in northern Papun and Toungoo districts, KHRG, 7 June 2006.
229. Source: “Press Release No. 35/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
230. Source: “Press Release No. 34/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
231. Source: “Press Release No. 33/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
232. Source: “Press Release No. 39/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
233. Source: “Press Release No. 41/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
234. Source: “Press Release No. 46/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
235. Source: “Press Release No. 43/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
236. Source: “Press Release No. 47/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
237. Sources: “Five Villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006; “Press Release No .44/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
238. Source: “Press Release No. 46/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
240. Sources: “Junta Attacks on Karen Continue During Gambari Visit,” Irrawaddy, 10 November 2006; “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma, ” FBR, 12 December 2006.
241. Source: “Press Release No. 47/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
242. Source: “Junta Attacks on Karen Continue During Gambari Visit,” Irrawaddy, 10 November 2006.
243. Source: “Press Release No. 52/06,” KNU, 14 February 2007.
245. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
246. Source: “Press Release No. 52/06,” KNU, 14 February 2007.
247. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
250. Source: “Toungoo and Muthraw Update,” FBR, 24 April 2006.
251. Source: “Press Release No. 34/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
253. Source: “Press Release No. 40/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
255. Source: “Press Release No. 42/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
256. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.
258. Source: “Press Release No. 44/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
259. Source: “Press Release No. 48/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
260. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
261. Source: “More Karen Flee from Their Villages due to Burma Army’s Offensives,” DVB, 6 March 2006.
262. Source: “Burma Army Launches New Attacks in Western and Northern KarenStates,” FBR, 14 March 2006.
264. Source: “Thousands of Karen Flee to Jungle,” Irrawaddy, 14 March 2006.
265. Source: “FBR Report from Nya Moo Kee Village. Mon Township, Nyaunglebin District, Western Karen State,” FBR, 17 April, 2006.
266. Source: “11,000 People Displaced as Attacks Continue,” FBR, 24 April 2006.
267. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
268. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
269. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
271. Source: “Toungoo and Muthraw Update,” FBR, 24 April 2006.
272. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
273. Source: Offensive columns shell and burn villages, round up villagers in northern Papun and Toungoo districts, KHRG, 7 June 2006.
274. Source: Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
275. Source: Offensive columns shell and burn villages, round up villagers in northern Papun and Toungoo districts, KHRG, 7 June 2006.
276. Source: “Press Release No. 37/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
277. Source: “Press Release No. 39/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
278. Source: “Five Villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006.
280. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.
281. Source: “Five Villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006.
282. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
283. Source: “Press Release No. 49/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
284. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
285. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.
286. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
287. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
288. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.
289. Source: “NCUB Denounce Burma Junta Over Attacks on Karen Civilians,” DVB, 8 May 2006.
290. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
291. Source: “Update on Attacks in Nyaunglebin District, Western Karen State,” FBR, 13 November 2006.
294. Source: “Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.
295. Source: “Press Release No. 48/06, ” KNU, 12 February 2007.
296. Source: “Press Release No. No. 51/06,” KNU, 14 February 2007.
297. Source: Forced Relocation, Restrictions and Abuses in Nyaunglebin District, KHRG, 10 July 2006.
298. Source: “Press Release No. 36/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
399. Source: “Press Release No. 40/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
300. Source: “Press Release No. 43/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
301. Source: “Press Release No. 49/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
302. Source: Dammed by Burma’s Generals: The Karenni Experience with Hydropower Development – From Lawpita to the Salween, KDRG, 14 March 2006.
304. Source: “Killing Them Softly: Dams on Salween Will Destroy Burma’s Tribal Homelands,” DVB, 16 March 2006.
305. Source: “More Karenni Flee to Thai Border,” NMG, 5 June 2006.
306. Source: “SPDC Harassment of Mon Ethnic Rights Continues,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006.
307. Source: “Population Transfer Threatens Mon Community,” Kaowao Newsletter No. 112, 16 June-3 July 2006.
308. Sources: “Religious Leaders Urged to Protect Mon Culture,” Kaowao News, 29 November 2006; “Population Transfer Threatens Mon Community,” Kaowao Newsletter No. 112, 16 June-3 July 2006.
309. Sources: “SPDC Bullies Teacher and Mon School Students,” Kaowao News, 10 February 2005; “Burmese Army Threatened the Mon Teachers and Forced the Students to Work as Laborers,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 28 February 2006.
310. Source: “Mon Monks and Cultural Committees Creating Educational Opportunities,” Kaowao News, 15 March 2006.
311. Source: “SPDC Harassment of Mon Ethnic Rights Continues,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006.
312. Sources: “Military Security Force Investigated Summer Mon Literacy Examinations,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 June 2006; “Mon Summer School Examination Investigated by Sa Ya Pa,” IMNA, 18 June 2006.
313. Source: “SPDC Banned on Teaching Mon Language Again,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 June 2006.
314. Sources: “University Students Banned from Wearing Mon Traditional Clothes,” IMNA, 5 September 2006; “Mon National Dress Restricted on University Campuses,” Kaowao News, 5 September 2006; “Burmese Government Restricts Ethnic National Dress,” Kaowao Newsletter No. 121, 1-22 December 2006.
315. Source: “SPDC Removes Mon National Emblem on Astrological Advice,” IMNA, 13 October 2006.
316. Sources: “Mon Video Director, Nai Htaw Rot Plans To Make Mon Video,” IMNA, 21 June 2006; “Mon Video with Burmese Subtitles for the First Time,” IMNA, 3 October 2006.
317. Source: “Mon Music Band Performs in La Pyint Wun Bazaar Rangoon for the First Time,” IMNA, 11 September 2006.
318. Sources: “Video Filming on Mon Culture Stopped Despite Permission,” IMNA, 24 November 2006; “Filming Of ‘Heritage of Mon Culture’ In Historic Places Banned,” IMNA, 30 November 2006.
319. Source: “Mon Singer Forced to Sing Burmese Song at Gunpoint,” IMNA, 17 May 2006.
320. Source: “Burmese and Ethic Press Struggle for Freedom and Permission,” IMNA, 3 May 2006.
321. Source: “Army Targets Villagers for Not Speaking Burmese,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006.
322. Source: “SPDC Harassment of Mon Ethnic Rights Continues,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006.
326. Source: “Forced Guard Duty Leads to Suicide Attempt,” IMNA, 1 November 2006.
328. Sources: “First Kuki National Seminar Concluded On Indo-Burma,” Khonumthung, 9 December 2006; “Kuki Protest Against Thamanti Dam in Burma,” Mizzima News, 28 June 2005.
329. Source: “Ban on Shan Costumes,” SHAN, 30 July 2006.
330. Source: “Shan Communities in Ceasefire Area Banned from Learning Shan, in Kun-Hing and Murng-Paeng,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.
331. Source: “People Forced to Hire Representatives to Attend Basic Burmese Literacy Training in Kaeng-Tung,,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, December 2006.
332. Source: “Few Shans Expected at Tai Cultural Meet,” SHAN, 13 September 2006.
333. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
334. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.
336. Source: Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
338. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
340. Source: Villagers displaced as SPDC offensive expands into Papun district, KHRG, 16 May 2006.
341. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
344. Source: KNU Press Release No. 28/06, KNU, June 2006.
345. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.
347. Source: “Press Release No. 35/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
349. Source: “DKBA behaves like military regime, seizes land.” IMNA, 18 August 2006.
350. Source: “Press Release No. 38/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007
352. Source: “Press Release No. 42/06,” KNU, 12 February 2007.
355. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.
356. Source: “Christian evangelists detained by Wa,” SHAN, 11 May 2006.
358. Source: “Land Confiscation by Ceasefire Group in Nam-Zarng,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.
359. Source: “List of Cease-fire Agreements with the Junta”, Irrawaddy online edition, available at www.irrawaddy.org/res/ceasefire.html; Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume 1, Altsean, November 2004.
|