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Footnotes - Chapter 16: Landmines


1. Source: “Statement by Professor Dr. May May Yi, Advisor for Women’s Affairs at the Prime Minister’s Office and Leader of the Delegation of Burma,” Thirty-Sixth Session of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 26 May 2004.

2. Source: “Concluding Observations: Myanmar,” Thirty-sixth session of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 4 June 2005.

3. Source: Ibid.

4. Source:  Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s Armed Forces, Human Rights Education Institute of Burma, 26 August 2006.

5. Source: “Message from A Relief Team Leader in a Hiding Place for Displaced People,” FBR, April 2006.

6. Source: Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict to the UN General Assembly, A/61/275, UN General Assembly 61st Session, 17 August 2006.

7. Source:  Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.

8. Sources:  Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006; “Images from Burma: 16 Year Old Shot 3 Times by Burma Army,” FBR, April 2006.

9. Source:  Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.

10. Source: “Developments in Myanmar,” Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/myanmar64.html, [accessed 27 April 2007].

11. Source: “Twenty two Rohingyas Detained in Maungdaw Jail,” Kaladan News, 19 August 2006.

12. Source: “Bomb Explosion Kills Teenage Cowherd,” Narinjara News, 7 August 2006.

13. Source: “Underage orphans lured and recruited as soldiers,” Khonumthung, 5 August 2006.

14. Source: SPDC Operations in Kler Lweh Htoo (Nyaunglebin) District, KHRG, 30 April 2006.

15. Source: Ibid.

16. Source: Ibid.

17. Source: “FBR Update: Father and One Legged Son Shot and Killed by the Burma Army in Mon Township,” FBR, 20 May 2006

18. Source: “Message from a Relief Team Leader Now in the Karen State,” FBR, 11 April 2006.

19. Source:  Ibid.

20. Source: “FBR REPORT: Five Villagers Killed and Three Wounded in Continuing Burma Army Attacks,” FBR, 2 November 2006

21. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

22. Source: “Update of Burma Army Activity in Muthraw District, Northern Karen State,” FBR, 24 April 2006

23. Source: Ibid.

24. Sources: “KNU Press Release 18/06,” KNU, 28 August 2006; “Toungoo and Muthraw Update,” FBR, 24 April 2006.

25. Source: “Update of Burma Army Activity in Muthraw District, Northern Karen State,” FBR, 24 April 2006

26. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 29/06,” KNU, June 2006.

27. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 33/06,” KNU, 12 February 2006.

28. Source: Ibid.

29. Source: Bullets and Bulldozers: the SPDC offensive continues in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2007

30. Source:  Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.

31. Source:  “Soldiers Torture Village Guards, 14-Year Old in Mon State,” IMNA, 13 November 2006.

32. Source: “Arrest, Detention and Severe Beating in Larng-Khur,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.

33. Sources:  “High school girl kidnapped by Burmese soldier,” DVB, 17 February 2006; “Kidnapped Burmese Schoolgirl Allowed to See Parents But Taken Away Again,” DVB, 18 February 2006.

34. Source:  “KNU Press Release No. 45/06,” KNU, 12 February 2006.

35. Source:  “FBR REPORT: Burma Army Attacks Against the Karen People in Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 12 December 2006.

36. Source:  Ibid.

37. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

38. Source: “Armies of Children,” The New York Times, 13 October 2006.

39. Source: My Gun was as Tall as Me, HRW, October 2002.

40. Source: “Situation of Human Rights in Burma,” Sixty-first session of the UN Commission on Human Rights, UN Economic and Social Council, 2 December 2004.

41. Source: “Interview with an SPDC Child Soldier,” KHRG, 26 April 2006.

42. Source: “Burma: Use of Child Soldiers Continues Unabated,” HRW, 12 September 2006.

43. Sources: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006; “Child Soldiers Still Recruited in Burma, Says Report,” Irrawaddy, 15 September 2006.

44. Source: “Need For Open Dialogue to Abolish Child Soldiers in Burma,” Mizzima, 28 August 2006.

45. Source: “Myanmar won’t recruit minors for military service: Leader,” Xinhua, 23 August 2006.

46. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

47. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

48. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

49. Source:Burma Country Repors on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

50. Source: CSW Visit to KachinState Briefing, CSW, 4 September 2006.

51. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

52. Source: Ibid.

53. Source: “Interview with an SPDC Soldier,” KHRG, 26 April 2006; Situation of the Children in
Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

54. Source: “Children Forcibly Recruited as Soldiers in Rangoon,” DVB, 5 June 2006.

55. Sources: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006; “Interview with an SPDC Soldier,” KHRG, 26 April 2006.

56. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

57. Source: CSW Briefing; Visit to KachinState, CSW, 4 September 2006.

58. Source:  “Trafficked: Burmese Police Sold 3 Children to Army Recruitment Camp,” DVB, 26 August 2006.

59. Source: “Chin Youths Being Forced to Serve Army,” Khonumthung, 8 December 2006.

60. Source: “Interview with an SPDC Soldier,” KHRG, 26 April 2006.

61. Source:  “Trafficked: Burmese Police Sold 3 Children to Army Recruitment Camp,” DVB, 26 August 2006.

62. Source: “Child Soldier Seeks Safe Refuge,” Kaowao News, 3 October 2006.

63. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

64. Source: Ibid.

65. Source: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.

66. Source: CSW Briefing: Visit to KachinState, CSW, 4 September 2006.

67. Source:  “Child Soldier Seeks Safe Refuge,” Kaowao News, 3 October 2006.

68. Source: “Interview with an SPDC Soldier,” KHRG, 26 April 2006.

69. Source: Report of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, UN General Assembly 61St Session, A/61/529-S/2006/826, 26 October 2006.

70. Source: My Gun was as Tall as Me, HRW, October 2002.

71. Source: “Ethnic Leaders Assure UN on Child Soldiers,” Irrawaddy, 14 June 2006; “UN Repeats Call for Action on Child Soldiers,” Irrawaddy, 29 November 2006.

72. Source: “Developments in Myanmar,” Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/myanmar64.html, [accessed 27 April 2007].

73. Source:  “Need For Open Dialogue to Abolish Child Soldiers in Burma,” Mizzima, 28 August 2006.

74. Source: “Statement made by Mrs Radhika Coomaraswamy, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Children in Armed Conflict,” 5 February 2007.

75. Source: “Need For Open Dialogue to Abolish Child Soldiers in Burma,” Mizzima, 28 August 2006.

76. Source: “Shan Army Challenges Child Rights Group Claim,” SHAN, 4 September 2006; Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006.

77. Source: “Captured SSA Fighters on Trial at Northern Shan State Town Lashio,” DVB, 21 February 2006.

78. Source: “Myanmar Junta Says Rebels Using Child Soldiers,” Burma Net, 20 January 2006.

79. Source: “Shan State Army Leader Insists No Child Soldiers Used,” DVB, 31 January 2006.

80. Source: My Gun was as Tall as Me, HRW, October 2002.

81. Source:Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices–2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

82. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

83. Sources: “Underage orphans lured and recruited as soldiers,” Khonumthung, 5 August 2006; Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

84. Source: “Chin Youths Being Forced to Serve Army,” Khonumthung, 8 December 2006.

85. Source: “Mater Dolorosa: Teenager Kidnapped to be Burmese Soldier,” DVB, 2 February 2006. 

86. Source:  “Trafficked: Burmese Police Sold 3 Children to Army Recruitment Camp,” DVB, 26 August 2006.

87. Source:Burma Country Report  on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

88. Source: “Interview with an SPDC Child Soldier,” KHRG, 26 April 2006.

89. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

90. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices – 2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006.

91. Source: U.S. UN Press Release 368(06), U.S. Department of State, 28 November 2006.

92. Source:  Forced Labour, Extortion and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

93. Source:  “Burma Official Allegedly Rapes Minor; Intimidates Family,” AHRC, 23 June 2006.

94. Source:  “Shan Women and Children Are Still Being Raped by SPDC,” Burma Digest, 26 November 2006.

95. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

96. Source: Burmese Soldiers Continue To Rape Local Women, DVB, 24 October 2006.

97. Source: “Burma: Official Allegedly Rapes Minor; Intimidates Family,” AHRC, 23 June 2006.

98. Source: Forced Labour, Extortion, and Festivities: The SPDC and DKBA Burden on Villagers in Pa'an District, KHRG, 22 December 2006.

99. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 45/06,” KNU, 12 February 2006.

100. Source: “Soldier Rapes Underage Girl in Central Burma,” DVB, 22 September 2006.

101. Source: Burmese Soldiers Continue To Rape Local Women, DVB, 24 October 2006.

102. Source: “Gang-Rape in Kae-See,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, August 2006.

103. Source: “Sexual Assault and Impunity in Ta-khi-laek,” SHRF, January 2007.

104. Source: “PWO Condemns Sexual Violence by Burmese Troops against Palaung Women,” Narinjara News, 26 October 2006.

105. Source: “Statement by His Excellency U Nyunt Maung Shein, Leader of the Myanmar Observer Delegation,” Sixty-First Session of the Commission on Human Rights, 14 April 2005.

106. Sources:  Country Profiles: Burma, UK Department of International Development, 4 October 2005; Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006; Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

107. Source:  “High Drop-Out Rates in Government Schools and SPDC’s Oppression against Mon National Schools,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, July 2005.

108. Source: “Barriers to Education for Poor Families in Southern Burma,” Kaowao News, 26 June 2006.

109. Source: “Unfair Tuition Fees Demanded,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006.

110. Source: “Several Primary Schools Closed as Buildings Collapse,” Narinjara News, 15 September 2006.

111. Source:  “Basic Education Fees Increased,” Kaowao News, 14 June 2005; “A Cartload of Sesame Seeds for A Child Education in Burma,” DVB, 6 June 2005.

112. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

113. Source: “Education in Karen State,” BI Monthly Newsletter, BI, October 2006.

114. Source:  “Barriers to Education for Poor Families in Southern Burma,” Kaowao News, 26 June 2006.

115. Source:  Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

116. Source:  Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

117. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices – 2006,  Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

118. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.

119. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

120. Sources: “New Private Tuition Law Takes Effect,” Irrawaddy, 26 May 2006; “Education in Karen State,” BI Monthly Newsletter, BI, October 2006.

121. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.

122. Source: “Burmese Pupils Barred from Taking Exams,” DVB, 13 March 2006.

123. Source: “New Private Tuition Law Takes Effect,” Irrawaddy, 26 May 2006.

124. Source: Ibid.

125. Sources: “SPDC Authorities Close Down Orphanage School,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006; “SPDC Ordered Village Self Supported Middle School to Close,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, July-August 2006; “Junta Orders Closure and Destruction of Orphan School,” Khonumthung, 22 November 2006.

126. Source: “Children of Armed Forces Personnel in Arakan to Get Education Stipend,” Narinjara News, 9 June 2006.

127. Source: Samuel Grumiau, Growing Up Under the Burmese Dictatorship, ICFTU, August 2003.

128. Source:  Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

129. Source: Year 2004 Education Report, ABFSU-FAC, February 2005.

130. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.

131. Source: “Education in Karen State,” BI Monthly Newsletter, BI, October 2006.

132. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

133. Source: “SPDC Harassment of Mon Ethnic Rights Continues,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 30 April 2006

134. Source: “Burmese Army Threatened the Mon Teachers and Forced the Students to Work as Labourers,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 28 February 2006.

135. Source: Year 2004 Education Report, ABFSU-FAC, February 2005.

136. Source: “Education in Karen State,” BI Monthly Newsletter, BI, October 2006.

137. Source: CSW Briefing, CSW Visit to Kachin State, Burma, 25 August – 1 September 2006, CSW, 2006; “Forced to Recite Prayers 15 Students Leave Hostel,” Khonumthung, 19 September 2006; Visit to the Chin Peoples on the India-Burma Border, CSW, 2006.

138. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

139. Source: Oppression by Proxy in Thaton District, KHRG, 21 December 2006.

140. Source: “Burmese Army Threatened the Mon Teachers and Forced the Students to Work as Labourers,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 28 February 2006.

141. Source:  Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

142. Source: Ibid.

143. Source: “FTUK Condemns Human Rights Violations on Karen Civilians,” IMNA, 29 May 2006.

144. Sources: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006; Forced Labour, Extortion, and Abuses in Papun District, KHRG, 29 July 2006.

145. Source: Shoot on Sight: The ongoing SPDC offensive against villagers in northern KarenState, Burma Issues, December 2006.

146. Source: Toungoo District: The Civilian Response to Human Rights Violations, KHRG, 15 August 2006.

147. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights,
and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006.

148. Source: Ibid.

149. Source: Northern Arakan/RakhineState: a Chronic Emergency, Arakan Project, 29 March 2006.

150. Sources: “SPDC Authorities Deceive Rohingya Students,” Kaladan News, 18 January 2006; Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007; Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, January to June 2006, The Arakan Project, 31 July 2006 (revised August 2006).

151. Source: “UN Food Programme Boosts Girls’ Schooling In Burma’s Arakan State,” Myanmar Times  via BBC, 18 January 2006.

152. Source: “WFP Supports Students in Northern Arakan,” Kaladan News, 1 May 2006.

153. Source: “126 Orphanage Students Face Hunger in North Arakan,” Narinjara News, 7 March 2006.

154. Source: Overview of the human rights situation in Northern Arakan State, Burma, August 2006 to January 2007, The Arakan Project, 21 February 2007.

155. Source:  Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

156. Source: Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The Abuse and Agency of Karen Women under Militarisation, KHRG, 22 November 2006.

157. Source: “UN Food Program Boosts Girls’ Schooling In Burma’s Arakan State,” Myanmar Times via BBC, 18 January 2006.

158. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

159. Source: “Inadequate Medical Supplies in Arakan Spell Looming Health Crisis for Children,” Narinjara News, 11 December 2006.

160.Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

161. Source: Ibid.

162. Sources: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006; “41 Children Perish in Diarrhea Outbreak in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 24 October 2006; “Children Suffer from Malaria in Arakan State,” Kaladan News, 10 August 2006.

163. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

164. Source:  “Children Die of Dengue and Hemorrhagic Fever,” IMNA, 3 August 2006.

165. Source: Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.

166. Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

167. Source:  Burma Briefing: Issues and Concerns Volume 3, Altsean, July 2006.

168. Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

169. Sources: Bullets and Bulldozers: The SPDC Offensives continue in Toungoo District, KHRG, 19 February 2006; Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

170. Source: Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, 2006.

171. Source: Ibid.

172. Source:  “126 Orphanage Students Face Hunger in North Arakan,” Narinjara News, 7 March 2006.

173. Source: “41 Children Perish in Diarrhea Outbreak in Arakan,” Narinjara News, 24 October 2006.

174. Source:  Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, 2006.

175. Source: Ibid.

176. Source: Ibid.

177. Sources: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006; Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, 2006.

178. Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

179. Source: Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, 2006.

180. Sources: “Myanmar: New Threats to Humanitarian Aid,” ICG, 8 December 2006; One year On: Continuing Abuses in Toungoo District, KHRG, 17 November 2006.

181. Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006;
Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma, BPHWT, 2006.

182. Source: “Myanmar to Vaccinate 7 Million Children against Measles,” Xinhua, 7 December 2006.

183. Source: Responding to AIDS, TB, Malaria and Emerging Infectious Diseases in Burma: Dilemmas of Policy and Practice, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, March 2006.

184. Source: “Myanmar Launches U.N.-Sponsored Program to Prevent Mother-to-Child,” AP, 17 May 2005; Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

185. Source: “Myanmar Launches U.N.-Sponsored Program to Prevent Mother-to-Child,” AP, 17 May 2005.

186. Source: HIV/AIDS and Drug Use in Burma/Myanmar, Burma Centrum Nederland, May 2006.

187. Source: “AIDS Epidemic Update: Asia,” UNAIDS/WHO, December 2005.

188. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

189. Source: “Burma To Tackle Sex Education In Schools,” Irrawaddy, 25 January 2006.

190. Source:  Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

191. Source:  Ibid.

192. Source:Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

193. Source: “UN Agency Trains Myanmar Police Officers,” Xinhua, 6 October 2005.

194. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006.

195. Source:  Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

196. Source: Ibid.

197. Source: “Two High School Students Arbitrarily Detained for Suspected Ties to Rebels,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, January-February 2006.

198. Source: “Myanmar Detains over 1,500 jobless wanderers in August,” Xinhua, 15 September 2006.

199. Source: Women Political Prisoners in Burma, AAPP & BWU, September 2004.

200. Source: Ibid.

201. Source: “The Youngest Political Prisoner in Burma,” DVB, 14 October 2003.

202. Sources: “Myanmar: Possible “disappearance”/Fear of torture/Arbitrary detention,” AI, 20 January 2006; “Death sentences for two Burmese students kidnapped in India,” DVB, 14 May 2006; “Myanmar: Further Information on Possible “Disappearance”/Fear or torture/Arbitrary Detention,”AI, 18 May 2006; “Rescue of Arrested Four year old fails,” South China Morning Post, 18 May 2006.

203. Sources: Ibid.

204. Source: “Myanmar: Urgent Appeal: Further Information on Possible “Disappearance”/Fear of Torture/Arbitrary Detention,” AI, 1 March 2006.

205. Source: “Rescue of Arrest Four-Year-Old Fails,” South China Morning Post, 18 May 2006.

206. Sources: Ibid; “Myanmar: Urgent Appeal: Further Information on Possible “Disappearance”/Fear of Torture/Arbitrary Detention,” AI, 1 March 2006.

207. Source: “Rescue of Arrest Four-Year-Old Fails,” South China Morning Post, 18 May 2006.

208. Source: Ibid

209. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

210. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005; “All in a Day’s Work for Kids in Myanmar; in Teashops And on the Streets, these Children in Mandalay and Yangon Labour Hard For a Better Life,” The Straits Times, 4 December 2006.

211. Source:  “Child Labour in Burma,” The Plight of Women and Children in Burma, WCRP, Issue No. 4/2005, December 2005.

212. Source: “Burma’s Economy Pushes Under-Age Girls to Sex Trade,” IMNA, 4 October 2006.

213. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices-2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 6 March 2007.

214. Source: "Number of Young Prostitutes on The Increase in Rangoon," DVB, 8 September 2006.

215. Source: “Homeless Most At Risk from Traffickers,” Irrawaddy, 9 May 2006.

216. Source:  “Burmese Child Workers Lured to Thailand By High Wages,” Mizzima, 26 January 2006.

217. Source: Enduring Hunger and Repression: Food Scarcity, Internal Displacement, and the Continued Use of Forced Labour in Toungoo District, KHRG, September 2004.

218. Source: “Children used as Forced Labour for Gas Pipeline Security,” IMNA, 1 August 2006.

219. Source: Surviving in Shadow: Widespread Militarization and the Systematic Use of Forced Labour in the Campaign for Control of Thaton District, KHRG, 17 January 2006.

220. Source: Ibid.

221. Source:  Dignity in the Shadow of Oppression: The abuse and agency of Karen women under militarization, KHRG, November 2006.

222. Source: No Rest from Forced Labour, The Arakan Project, 31 May 2006.

223. Source: “FBR Report: Report of Arakan FBR Relief Team Mission Trip to Arakan IDP Area,” FBR, June 2006.

224. Source: “Forced Labour Continues in Arakan,” Irrawaddy, 3 August 2006.

225. Source: “Burmese Soldiers Stopped Worship Service, and Took Them for Potter,” Rhododendron News, CHRO, March-April 2006.

226. Source: SPDC Using Forced Labour in Nyaunglebin District, FTUK, received by HRDU on 27 November 2006.

227. Source: “FBR REPORT: Forced Labour Continues in Burma; A report with photographs sent directly from relief teams now in the field Northern Karen State, Eastern Burma,” FBR, 19 December 2006.

228. Source: “Alternative Fuel Solution Leads to Forced Labour in Karen State,” Kaowao News, 26 March 2006.

229. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 33/06,” KNU, 12 February 2006.

230. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 2/06,” KNU, 6 February 2006.

231. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 10/06,” KNU, 12 April 2006.

232. Source: “KNU Press Release No. 11/06,” KNU, 12 April 2006.

233. Source: “FBR Update: Burma Army Activities in Toungoo District, Western Karen State,” FBR, 25 May 2006.

234. Source: “Karenni Villagers Forced to Build Police, Military Stations,” DVB, 5 December 2006.

235. Source: “Burmese Army Threatened the Mon Teachers and Forced the Students to Work as Labourers,” The Mon Forum, HURFOM, 28 February 2006.

236. Source: “Children used as Forced Labour for Gas Pipeline Security,” IMNA, 1 August 2006.

237. Source: “School Children Injured During Forced Labour in Burma,” DVB, 8 January 2006.

238. Source: “Many Police Controlled Prisoners Die from Forced Labour in Burma Army,” DVB, 22 June 2006.

239. Source: “Farmers and Forced Labour News,” DVB, 14 June 2006.

240. Source: “Army Targets Villagers For Not Speaking Burmese,” Kaowao News, 1 February 2006.

241. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

242. Source: Despite Promises: Child Soldiers in Burma’s SPDC Armed Forces, HREIB, 26 August 2006; “Bangkok Conference Targets Human Traffickers,” Irrawaddy, 22 February 2006.

243. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

244. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

245. Source: Situation of the Children in Myanmar, SCUK, June 2005.

246. Source: Trafficking in Persons Report, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, 5 June 2006.

247. Source: Samuel Grumiau, Growing Up Under the Burmese Dictatorship, ICFTU, August 2003.

248. Source: “Homeless Most At Risk from Traffickers,” Irrawaddy, 9 May 2006.

249. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices – 2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006.

250. Source: “Homeless Most At Risk from Traffickers,” Irrawaddy, 9 May 2006.

251. Source:  “Thailand, Burma Sign Regional Pact In Malaysia To Fight Transnational Crime,” Irrawaddy, 17 January 2006; “Mekong Nations Gather in Hanoi to Boost Anti-Human Trafficking,” Vietnam News Briefs, 30 March 2005.

252. Source: “Burma Passes Anti-human Trafficking Law with Questionable Details,” DVB, 14 September 2005.

253. Source: Burma Country Report on Human Rights Practices – 2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, U.S. Department of State, 8 March 2006; “US State Department Accuses Burma of Human Trafficking,” Irrawaddy, 6 June 2006.

254. Source: “Arrest, Detention and Extortion in Murng-Ton,” SHRF Monthly Report, SHRF, November 2006.